370 BOVINE OBSTETRICS 



stopper. The treatment proper endeavors to stimulate the 

 respiratory centre reflexly. 



This may be done: (a) By irritation of the cutaneous 

 nerves by rubbing the skin with straw wisps, or by carrying the 

 wet calf immediately into the open air. Although stock 

 owners object, it is nevertheless an active irritant, (h) By the 

 application of cold water to the cranium between the ears or 

 upon the umbilicus. This is simply done by allowing a stream 

 of water from a height of 1 meter to fall upon those parts. 



(c) By artificial respiration (Albrecht). This should be con- 

 tinued for some time, five to ten minutes and possibly longer. 



(d) By electricity. Frauck and Albrecht advise to place the 

 electrodes close to the first ribs (irritation of the phrenic 

 nerve), (e) By strong, rhythmical traction on the tongue. 



Mytile tried the method, successfully practiced by 

 Laborde, to revive the apparently dead, drowned ones, on an 

 apparently dead calf. After pulling a few times a strong 

 hiccough was heard, eventually turning into regular respiratory 

 movements after a few more pulls. 



Bauwens gives h g- of 1 per cent, nitro-glycerin solution 

 subcutaneously and practices artificial respiration. 



2. — Persistence of the Urachus. 



When the navel string is torn the fundus of the urinary 

 bladder closes and the urine no longer flows through the 

 urachus. Occasionally it happens that this ph} T siological pro- 

 cess is disturbed, and in consequence of it the urine drips from 

 the unbilical opening. 



The diagnosis is easy. The umbilicus is hot and swollen ; 

 the hair all around the umbilical opening is wet and sticks 

 together. When of some standing the hair of the anterior 

 and inner surface of the hind legs drops out and the skin 

 becomes inflamed. The opening leading to the urinary bladder 

 is just wide enough to allow the passage of an ordinary probe. 

 The edges are slightly elevated and exhibit a granulating 

 seam. 



