OR MADNESS. 267 



very similar to those of the stomach. The inflammation is, 

 in g-eneral, di(Tased and extensive, seldom however conti- 

 nuous, but rather in contig-nous patches, principally affecting- 

 sometimes one and sometimes another of the intestines. The 

 villous surface is frequently g-angrenous, and the outer or 

 peritoneal portion,, from the coagulable lymph thrown out, 

 is often found adhering- to other portions. Sometimes intussus- 

 ception exists, but constrictions and twisting-s are still more fre- 

 quently present. Occasionally, the tube is altogether empty, 

 but it is more frequently found partially distended with hard- 

 ened faeces. The degree of inflammation between the stomach 

 and intestines is not always correspondent ; on the contrary, 

 when the one has been very hig"hly inflamed, it has not been 

 unusual to find the other less so, but the variations in the ap- 

 pearance of the stomach are less frequent than those in the 

 bowels. 1 have always found, that when the intensity of 

 morbid inflammation has been present in the bowels particu- 

 larly, that such cases, during- life, had exhibited torpor, 

 distress of countenance, affection of the parts of deglutition, 

 great scratching of straw to the belly, paralysis, and all those 

 characteristics more immediately appertaining to what is 

 called, by sportsmen, dumb madness. On the contrary, when 

 the intestines have been but little inflamed, and the stomach 

 likewise not intensely affected neither, but the lungs ex- 

 tremel}' so ; such cases, during life, have been characterised 

 by great irritability, a desire to rove, and those appearances 

 common to raging madness *. 



The remaining abdominal viscera often participate in tHe 

 affection. The mesentery is sometimes found clotted with 

 grumous spots, and adhesions are formed between the parts 

 from the coagulable lymph thrown out. The liver, pancreas, 

 spleen, and omentum, but particularly the former, are often 



* The thoracic viscera of the horse, cow, pig, and sheep, as far as 

 my experience goes, appear more highly inflamed, under rabies, than 

 either the stomach or intestines. 



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