304 THE STONE IN DOGS. 



then the other, securing- the ends by a ligature lightly ap- 

 plied to each surface, leaving the threads without the wound. 

 Farriers often apply no ligature, but content themselves with 

 simply sewing up the wound, and no ill consequence seems 

 to ensue. Bitches, after they have been spayed, become fat, 

 bloated, and spiritless ; and commonly prove short lived. Na- 

 ture usually punishes any considerable deviations from her 

 common laws ; and it is observed, particularly among ani- 

 mals, that when the great work of propagation is artificially 

 stopped, particularly in the female, she ceases to feel Na- 

 ture's protection, and becomes diseased. 



Stomachj inflamed. 

 See Inflamed Stomach. 



The Stone in Dogs. 



This, though an uncommon complaint, sometimes how- 

 ever does occur. I have not less than forty or fifty cal- 

 culi by me which I took from a Newfoundland dog, after his 

 death, occasioned by the obstruction to the passage of the 

 urine by means of these stones. Death had already happened 

 before I was called in, or probably relief might have been 

 afforded by an operation. I have likewise witnessed a few 

 similar instances of calciilar concretions within both kidneys 

 and bladder. When a small calculus obstructs the urethra, 

 and can be felt, it may be cut down upon and removed with 

 safety; or a catheter, firm bougie, or sound, may be introduc- 

 ed, and the stone pushed again into the bladder. 



But it must be remembered, that the urethra of the dog, in 

 passing from the bladder, proceeds nearly in a direct line 

 backwards ; and then, making an acute angle, it passes again 

 forwards to the bladder. It must be, therefore, evident that. 



