Emotion 35 



maximum of efficiency. Elimination does not 

 create characters. It selects them and holds a 

 race or species to its maximum efficiency. It 

 thus causes an economy of structure and 

 energy by means of which the chances of survi- 

 val are augmented. Economy specializes but 

 does not develop. There is no force in elimi- 

 nation that adds to the number of characters 

 or increases their effectiveness. Elimination 

 thus dwarfs some characters and specializes 

 others. These two effects are the natural re- 

 sults of struggle which must be checked before 

 new characters are developed, and a tendency 

 arises to move into other environments where 

 they are of use, and thus become effective. 



This dwarfing of non-essential parts is partly, 

 or perhaps entirely, due to the indirect. effects 

 of struggle : it may be with one's own kind, 

 as the struggle between those of a single race, 

 or it may be with other species, as the opposi- 

 tion between the hawk and the birds on which 

 it feeds. On the other hand, the development 

 that increases structure and improves organs 

 springs from the steady, constant relations to 

 the favorable elements in the environment. 



