Reduction 6 1 



2. Emotion is the subjective expression of that which 

 antagonizes structure and reduces organisms to simpler 

 terms. It may be that reduction is the objective expression 

 of these facts and that it takes place in all organisms sub- 

 ject to emotional states. Reduction in this case would pre- 

 cede regeneration and be the natural step by which organisms 

 lose forms of specialization no longer of use, and receive in 

 their place other forms of present advantage. 



3. Reproduction and regeneration are not different 

 processes, but are due to the same forces acting under 

 different conditions. Emotion is the same force expressed 

 as feeling, and in conscious beings is the index of the 

 despecialization and regeneration acting within them. 



4. In lower organisms the emotion, reduction, and re- 

 generation take place in the same part, and a lost limb is 

 often restored; but in higher organisms a reduction may 

 happen in one part and the emotion be felt in another. 

 The regeneration then follows the emotion ; the despecial- 

 ized part is not restored, but a new specialization begins in 

 the part affected by the emotion, and a new organ is formed 

 or the relation of different organs is altered. The emotion 

 may also be felt by beings not concerned in the reduction, 

 as when a man sees an accident; then the emotional 

 changes and the regenerative processes affect the observer 

 and not the injured person. Emotion, reduction, and 

 regeneration are parts of one process and may always be 

 expected to appear in conjunction. 



