1 82 Heredity and Social Progress 



its normal level. The undifferentiated person 

 escapes both of these, or at least he never 

 experiences them in their extreme forms. The 

 highly differentiated person rises higher than 

 the mediocre man when in exultant moods, but 

 he also sinks deeper in periods of depression. 

 His weakness is measured by his helplessness 

 in depression. He thus demands more safe- 

 guards for survival. 



The empirical and the rational in men also 

 rest on a complementary differentiation by 

 which progress in one direction is supple- 

 mented by a like progress in the other. Prac- 

 tical men, disliking theorists, wish all men 

 were like themselves, and yet the absence of 

 theorists would not make practical men more 

 practical. If theorists failed to survive, the 

 seemingly practical survivors would be less 

 differentiated, and hence more stupid. Elimi- 

 nation of either class forces all men back to 

 an undifferentiated mediocrity. For example, 

 it seemed possible in Spain to make people 

 religious by cutting off heretics and agnostics. 

 The result, however, was not the development 

 of religion, but the sinking back of the whole 



