The Result 197 



Growth through an internal series of changes 

 fails of its ultimate goal ; but external growth, 

 duplicating the internal series, is enabled, 

 by its position, to complete the series and 

 to end in reproduction. Complex organisms 

 have an equilibrium to maintain between in- 

 ternal and external growth a fact which 

 explains why they are not merely simple or- 

 ganisms on a larger scale and with more 

 surplus. The maintenance of equilibrium gives 

 rise to the peculiar problems of complex or- 

 ganisms. 



The first of these is the problem of life, as 

 seen in the simplest unicellular organisms ; 

 it is probable that this life depends upon cer- 

 tain chemical and physical principles, many of 

 which are now well known. But we need not 

 wait for a complete solution of difficulties in 

 our way here before answering our central 

 question, because the particular facts on which 

 we depend are so well established. When 

 additional primary laws are discovered dealing 

 with life, they must incorporate the secondary 

 laws with which we are familiar. It is safe, 

 therefore, to accept the prevailing biologic 



