212 Heredity and Social Progress 



4. Growth and reproduction. Growth is more simple 

 and dominant at the surface than in the interior, and as a 

 result reproduction dominates first in the interior. Confined 

 sex products result, which must break through the envelope 

 to obtain an independent existence. When they fail they 

 are transformed into nerve tissue, useful in preserving the 

 unity of the organism. 



5. Emotional harmony. The internal differentiations and 

 the confinement of sex products destroy the internal unity 

 of the organism. Each part tends to become independent. 

 The unity of the organism is not mechanical but emotional. 

 Each part devolves until the growth forces in it become 

 dominant and then it evolves along new lines. This hap- 

 pens again and again until the emotional shocks act on each 

 part alike. Then an emotional harmony arises that pre- 

 serves the organism and increases effectiveness, 



6. Natural vs. acquired characters. The great mass 

 of social customs, habits, and traditions are acquired char- 

 acters and are not inherited. They are due to the direct 

 action of the present environment. Acquired qualities 

 increase energy, which impels the possessor into new 

 environments. Each new environment tends to develop 

 acquired characters, through which the environment is 

 better utilized, and these characters become primary by 

 a movement into a new environment. Whatever natural 

 character men have, the race acquired in some previous 

 environment. 



7. Use is not the cause of characters, but the result 

 of their appearance. Animals do not develop teeth because 

 they eat hard food ; they eat hard food because they have 

 teeth. Use creates surplus energy, which acts in a way to 

 develop undifferentiated parts. Secondary characters thus 



