15 



Potash Whale-oil Soap at the rate of two pounds per gallon of 

 water is a fairly good winter treatment though more expensive than* 

 some others. As no boiling is needed it is quite convenient to pre- 

 pare. Among the best Whale-oil soaps on the market are Bowker's- 

 Tree Soap, Good's Caustic Potash Whale-oil Soap No. 3 and Leggitt 

 and Bro's. Anchor Brand. The addition of tobacco seems to be some- 

 what beneficial but at an additional cost. 



Soda Soaps so far as tests of them have been observed seem to- 

 be much less effective than the Potash soaps. 



Crude Petroleum and Kerosene \i-3L\& generally given fair results so- 

 far as killing the scale goes, when thoroughly applied, but the effect 

 on the trees has often been serious and these materials are in con- 

 sequence not held in great favor, as in addition to this objection they 

 are more expensive than other and better materials now in use. 



2Vie K-L Mixture is a recent addition to the list of materials and 

 the results obtained from its use have been very variable, some being, 

 excellent and others poor. It is difficult to obtain a satisfactory mix- 

 ture of the materials, and the cost is considerably greater than with 

 other treatments. From these facts it is hardly likely that it will' 

 come into general use. 



The lime, sulfut and salt zvashes ^xs\. used on the Pacific coast and 

 now in general use throughout this country have been made accord- 

 ing to many different formulas, but the results when certain factors- 

 were given due attention, have been very satisfactory. The salt 

 which was at first considered an important ingredient is now generally 

 omitted, the earlier idea that it added to the adhering power of the 

 wash being for the most part rejected. What the nature of the 

 action of the wash is has not been understood and in consequence 

 the length of time it was necessary to boil it, and the amount of 

 each ingredient to use have been unknown. 



From what has already been stated it seems probable that the 

 amounts of lime and of sulfur taken, and the time they are boiled 

 should be such as to produce the greatest amounts possible of the 

 higher sulfids, and to obtain these the writer is of the opinion that 

 for fifty gallons of water about twenty-two pounds of lime and twenty 

 pounds of sulfur boiled together for from forty minutes to an hour 

 will be likely to give the greatest amount of the desired sulfids and 

 correspondingly the best results. An interesting series of experi- 



