Learn to know the insects and diseases by their appearance and 

 their work, so as to apply the right treatment, for treatments differ 

 for different foes and there is no one material which is effective for 

 all insects and diseases any more than there is any one medicine 

 good for every kind of illness with man. 



" There is no one best pump or nozzle." Almost any spray pump 

 now on the market!will do at least fair work. For Bordeaux mixture 

 use a Bordeaux nozzle. For most insects use a Vermorel nozzle. 

 There are many varieties of this, but in all the spray enters the 

 chamber behind the outlet hole from one side and whirls around the 

 chamber before escaping, and a nozzle made on this plan, whatever 

 its name, should do the work. The smaller the outlet hole the bet- 

 ter, unless it clogs, in which case use a cap with a slightly larger 

 hole. The spray should be a fine mist or fog. 



One THOROUGH spraying at the right time is worth ten careless 

 treatments. Most people who have given up spraying have done so 

 either because' they were not thorough enough and were disappointed 

 in the results, or because they were lazy, and this country will soon 

 have no place for the lazy farmer who thinks that planting, culti- 

 vating and harvesting are the only things necessary to obtain a 

 crop. 



This bulletin contains a compilation of formulas for fungicides 

 and insecticides taken from various sources, and the usual spraying 

 directions. The treatments recommended are similar to those given 

 in other Station^bulletins of the same nature, but are based upon the 

 personal observations of the authors covering a period of years. 

 Many of these mixtures can be bought already prepared from 

 reliable dealers, which saves much time and trouble in mixing them. 

 The following precautions should be taken into consideration : 



1. Care should be taken to keep all substances employed in 

 spraying'where they cannot be used by mistake. All substances 

 should be correctly labeled. 



2. Solutions and mixtures containing copper sulfate, corrosive 

 sublimate, and arsenate of lead, should be made in wood, glass or 

 earthern vessels. 



3. Arsenical sprays should not be applied to fruits, etc., within 

 two weeks of the time they are to be used as food. 



4. Trees should not be sprayed when they are in blossom unless 

 one wishes to reduce the crop. 



