make up the balance with hay and grain, supplementing more or 

 less with clover, and fodder corn. In case the dairymen is without 

 pasturage he may combine soiling with hay and grain feeding. In 

 the latter case, approximately 50 pounds daily of green feed may be 

 given together with one feeding of hay and 4 to 8 pounds of grain. 

 Rations for summer soiling will be discussed more fully further on. 



Corn silage is quite often used as a substitute 

 The Summer Silo for pasture grass and green forage, especially 

 as a in those sections where frequent and long- 



Supplement, continued droughts are prevalent. The silo 



should be so constructed as to expose a less 

 surface area to the air than during the winter months. 



The writer does not favor silage as a summer feed whenever other 

 forage can be economically supplied. The corn, as is well known, 

 undergoes many changes in the silo, and among other products a con- 

 siderable amount of different acids is formed. It is these acids which 

 render the ensilage sour and, in the judgment of the writer, they are 

 decidedly objectionable as a food ingredient if fed continuously. It 

 is believed to be preferable, from the standpoint of health, to supply 

 the animals during the summer with freshly grown green forage, and 

 leave the fermented material for the long period during which other 

 more desirable green feed is not to be obtained. 



B. DESIRABLE GREEN FORAGE. 



Forage crops may be divided into two classes — 



Classified legumes and non-legumes. Botanically these 



into Legumes and two classes have many distinct characteristics. 



Non-legumes. It is only necessary to state in this connection 



that the legumes are to be distinguished from 



the non-legumes by having the " butterfly fiowers," by being able to 



take nitrogen from the air and by containing at the same stage of 



growth considerably more protein than the non-legumes. The most 



desirable legumes are the vetch, pea, soy bean, clover and alfalfa. 



The vetch closely resembles the pea in its habits of growth and 



general appearance ; it has, however, finer stems and leaves. There 



are two species used for fodder purposes — the spring vetch (Vicia 



sativa) and the sand or winter vetch (Vicia villosa). The vetches 



