PRACTICAL FARMER. 



103 



Oiir advantages are indeed -kery great — to be 

 \-1tily ai)preoiate(l, they must be estimated singly 

 and indivicbially ; how inucb greater and more 

 striking will tiiey then ajjpear, if (;onsideretl col- 



le,;tively our innumerable rivers and rapid 



stieatns, our immense forests and mines, llie es- 

 haustless treasures of fuel and of Hame, tiie com- 

 bined elements of water, earth, of tire, and of 

 mighty power, await — offering r!-sources un- 

 known and immeasm'able, and willing aids in 

 abridging the labors of man. 



History will record to endless remembrance 

 the names of those illustrious individuals who 

 have [)ersevered as the fsithliil guides and pioneers 

 in the great work — those who by their example 

 or writings have server! as lights, to i'bimine our 

 way, and to cheer us through tJie long,da!k and 

 dreary night, 



riope dawns ausj jcious, the day and its bright- 

 ness will be ours : endowed as are our people 

 with fortitude, with energy, and with intellectual 

 resources unsurpassed, is there one American 

 who can doubt? 



By those nnceas-ing toils and mighty efforts, and 



\ matchless labors for which our people are so dis- 



Vinguished, the millions thus recovered wi'l not 



\niy be their just rewai-d, but will add to the sub- 



Vntial wealth of the nation and to the glory of 



t° whole republic." — Xnntuckcl Inq. 



bottle remained sunk long enough, there is no 

 doal)t but it would have been filled with water. 



\\PEr.iMr.sTS atSka. — We are indebted to n 

 friejv]^ who has jrst arrived from Eurojte, for the 

 faI!o\^„.v. — J\'\ Y. Enquirer. 



Exptxinients mndc on heard (Its Charkmrti^ne. — 



26th of Sjiitemb'M-, 1836, the weather being cahn^ 



I corked aiiemi ty wine '^'o^'''^ ^^'^^ ^^^^ '^ piece of 



■linen over this cork j I then sank it into the sea 



six liundred feet ; vvlieti drawn immediately up 



•airain, the cork wa^ ins'de, the linen remained as 



it was placed, aiid the bottle was filled with water. 



I next .made a noose of strong twine ar-ound 



the bottom oi" a c^jrk, which I forced into the 



empty bottle, lashed the twine securely to the 



ritjolr o.rtiie DottiP, and sank tlie lioiile six hundred 



feet. Upon drawing it up immediately, the cork 



was found inside, having fon-f d its way by the 



twine, and in so doltig had broken itsidf into two 



pieces ; the bottle was fiiied with water. 



1 then made a stoj/ptr of white |)i!!e, long eis/^«gh 

 to reach to tiie bottom of the bottle ; after forcing 

 this stopper inlo the bottle, I cut it off aboiit half 

 an inch above the top of the bottle, and drove 

 two wedges of the same wood into the stop; er. 

 1 sank it 600 feet, and upon drawing it up innne- 

 -tliately, the stopper remained as i |)iaced it, and 

 there was about a gill of water in the bottle, wliich 

 remained uul)r(jken. TJie water must liave t()rc- 

 •ed its way through the pores of the wooden stop- 

 per, although wedged as aforesaid, and had the 



Col. Charles Biddle, a citizen of the U. States, 

 in conjunction with a few capitalists in this coun- 

 try, have obtained a contract for a Rail Road 

 across the Isthmus of Panaina, which promises, if 

 coiiinleted, to be of inmiense importance to our 

 cominerce, and to the whole world. It must be- 

 come, in a few years, the highway of nations to 

 the Pacific Ocean, and will enable our whaling 

 ships to make their return every six months, in- 

 stead of three years, as well as save a dangerous 

 voyage around Cape Horn. 



Framingham, Oct 29, 1836. 



Mil Ff.ssenden : — Sometime ago I promised to 

 write you an article t)n Ploughs and Ploughing, 

 '^Ve farmers are rather set in om- notions of hus- 

 bandry, and each of course prefers his own mode 

 until fully convinced of a better. 



Plousihing^ is the most important operation in 

 husbandry, and should be closely attended to by 

 all who clioose this mode, "to turn the world up- 

 side down 4" ami with a good plough we can do 

 this with much less hazard to the commutiity than 

 our Political Mountebanks, or Trades Union asso- 

 ciations. 



The best ploughing is that which most com- 

 pletely subverts tlie soil and buries beneath it the 

 entire vegetal)le growth. To effect this a good 

 plough is indispensable. Rough and stony ground 

 may indeed be rooted up by the short rooter 

 liloiigli. Such lands are usually cross-ploughed 

 before planting. Plain fields require a different 

 instrument; a nuicli longer plough is wanted here, 

 to turn the furrow fiat without breaking and with- 

 out the aid of the Ploughman's foot. Such an in- 

 strument runs easier than a short one, because it 

 enters the earth more gradually, as a thin wedge 

 opens wood more easily than a thick one. The 

 forrow rises less suddenly on the inclined plane 

 of the mould board, and falls where it should do, 

 i ! the bed of the preceding furrow and complete- 

 ly fills it. To make sure work the coulter or cut- 

 ter should not stand perpendicular, but should 

 Jean to the right being place<l a little anglewise in 

 the beam for this purpose, and cutting the edge 

 of the furrow slice in a bevil form, it will then 

 shut in like a trap door. Let not my brother far- 

 mers be alarmed lest their lands be turned too flat ! 

 If they wish to see them lie edge up, or shingled, 

 one furrow upon an another, or broken into short 

 junks, they can use a short rooter or a post, as the 

 Africans do. " But," say they, " the soil should be 

 light.'" Newly ])loughed green sward always lies 

 too light the first summer and requires thorough 

 rolling and harrowing, to prevent its suffering for 



