184 



SILK MANUAL, AND 



man body. And tlie leaves have an office some- 

 what similar to that of the iiurnan lungs. The 

 amputation of the limbs, therefore, stops the cir- 

 cnlation of the sap, and its jjrejtaration by a pe- 

 culiar process, which we cannot exphiin without 

 resorting to chemical terms. A tree derives an 

 essential part of its nntriment from tlie atmos- 

 phere. This is susceptible of the clearest demon- 

 stration. 



For the sake of brevity, we will not justify 

 these positions by offering further reasons. But 

 we will lay down the following positions as cor- 

 rect. 



In transplanting young trees, in the Fall or 

 Spring, all the roots with their fibres, so far as 

 practicable, should be taken up with great care, 

 and set in a large deep space in rich earth or 

 mould, and fully pressed down compact or hard 

 round the roots. No manure should be ap[)lied, 

 except on or near the surface, as it tends to make 

 cavities and to prevent the natural nutriment en- 

 tering the fibres, or often to render tlie roots too 

 dry. The tree should l)e placed in a firm posi- 

 tion, so as not to be turned one side by the winds. 

 The tap-root, which has no other use in penetra- 

 ting downwards into dead earth, serves as a stake 

 or main support, and should not be cutoff. Should 

 it be cut off, a new tap-root for support, will gen- 

 erally grow out in a course of years. 



In respect to fruit trees, it may be jurfici^us to 

 prune in transplanting, so far as to give them a 

 good form or sy metrical proportion, and no fur- 

 ther, except where by carelessness, much of the 

 root has been broken off. In the latter case, there 

 should be some proportion between the roots and 

 the branches, ahvays leaving on enough of the 

 latter to sujiportthe circulation of the sap; Young 

 trees much mutilated at top or bottom, should they 

 survive at all, remain several years before they 

 can have a rapid growth. 



In England, transplanting trees has been re- 

 duced to a science. There full grown trees are 

 now transplanted with ease and little danger of 

 their loss, and thereby small groves and forests 

 suddenly formed, and their pleasure grounds or- 

 namented. The machine used in removing is of 

 as simple construction as a pair of common cart 

 wheels, with a long tongue. About three years 

 previous to removing the tree, a deep trench is 

 cut round it, in order to cut ofl the ends of the 

 main roots — a cart load of rich mould is then 

 placed within the circle around the stock on tlie 

 surface — new sets of roots and fibres shoot forth 

 upwards, receiving nutriment from the mould thus 

 deposited. 



The new formed fibres and roots, with nearly 

 all the top or branches, are finally removed to any 

 convenient distance, and it is said that not one 

 out of fifty die. 



If the fact is not generally known, it ought to ' 

 be, that a tree transplanted from a thick forest to I 

 cold o|)en exposure, is very hable to die — often 

 dies. The reason is, that the bark as well as the 

 interior wood is more tender than that of a tree 

 taken from a pasture or oj)en exposure. 



Thus the majestic oak, in open siuices, which 

 bids defiance to the rude blasts of the winds, is of 

 far su|.'erior value for ship-building, than the for- 

 est-oak. Agricola. 



BoTS IN HORSKS. — Mr Editor: — I have read 

 various theories upon this subject. I willsujrgcst 

 quite a novel mode of destroying them — by hot 

 ivattr. No one will doubt that its application 

 would cause immediate death to the bots, but 

 some would suppose that it would kill tl;e horse 

 also. I confess that such would be my fears. — 

 Therefore, due regard should be had to the quan- 

 tity as well as temperature of ihj water. My pres- 

 ent object is to mention the fact, that Mr William 

 Rich, of Maidstone, Vermont, is in the firactice of 

 destroying IJois, by pouring hot water into the 

 horse's stomach. I .^arned this fact from him, 

 and was also present when he thus saved a fine 

 , young horse at. Windsor, Vt. Would it not be 

 well to request particular informntion from him, 

 in resi»ect to the process and degree of temj.cra- 

 ture, which would not injure the horse ? 

 Yankee Fur.] EixquiRY. 



Improved Churm Dasher. — An improvement 

 in th.! dasher of the common Churn has been 

 made, by which that kind of chtirn is considered 

 by many to be, for common purposes, ecjual if 

 not superior to any in use. 



The dasher turns on the handle by being fixed 

 tojt by ^'■pivot. The dasher is merely two cross 

 pWces, sny three inches square, put together by 

 being let into each other, which then form fom- 

 wings, ■ These are cut beveling on each side, at 

 an angle of fortyfive degrees, so that they stand 

 dia"-onaliy, the whole being very simi.ar to the 

 wings of the little windmills (so called) which are 

 set up on poles to be turned by the wind. 



As this daslier goes do\vn in the milk, it turns 

 one way on its |)ivot in the lower end of the han- 

 dle, and as it comes up it turns the other way ; — 

 and this produces an agitation of the milk better 

 calculated for producing the butter than any meth- 

 od ever yet known. It is so eflkacious in its op- 

 eration, tiiat the churning must be performed mod- 

 erately, or the butter will come too soon, and he 



swelted as it is technically called by some. — Jb. 



' <* 



MoRUs MuLTicAOns. — By recent advices'. fro>n 

 a gentleman now in France, who contemplated a 

 purchase of mulberry trers for his own [)!anta- 

 tion, under date of December 14, 1836, and Feb- 

 ruary 14, 1837, states that trees and seed are very 



