vol.. TX. MO. 5. 



A N D II C) II I' I C U L T I' a A I. R K ti I S T E R , 



.*}> 



eioii nl'nll llic viiliiulilc grn^scH. is oi 

 eoinmoii mill iirrnicioin wpi-ils in tin 



of the iiinsl ' audi tdoIh of woo. In as nro boliiiv llio BiirCiico, and cropn is ono nf ilic mrost hignn (if B sliivonly fnr- 

 coiintry. W'o I tlius onahlos tlio luriner Id jfnilior nnd iloblmy lliein. | mer tlml oxists. When you hco the toiU i>( coivii, 



know of no \iilnabli< iinc to which il can bo put ; Conch grans in nioro cniily doitroycd in thin wny 

 all iinimals reject it, unless itnrvcd to fpodin;: up- !tlnn aunie other wcodH, na its thick, fibrous routs 

 on It, nnd it is n positivo poiscMi to such ns nre com- ' ciiunos llioiu to ndlioro Hlronply together, and they 



polled to fcoil on it. It h.is frcc]uontly cnusod the 

 death of yoiinrr cattle nnd shcop. Jolinsn-nrt iiiny 

 be killed by tliorotiph tilla^\ eoedinjr thick with 

 grasses, nnd iisino; pinster liberally. 



Meadow Crowfoot, cnllod also biitter-cup nnd 

 ^■ellow daisy, prows in most parts of the country, 

 rhe whole family to which it belongs arc poison 



are thus more easily collected 



The common daisy is & very troiibluHomo pinnt 

 in pnstiiros or meadows, and if left unmulosird 

 soon becomes n preiit nuisance. Tillaffo is the 

 proper remedy, but ns ii shows itself in meadows 

 too moist for a course of culture, previous drain- 

 ing in such cases is necsssury. 'I'liere is then 



»us, inflaming the skin nnd sometimes blistering it. ' little ditlicuUy in extirpating it, particularly if a 

 If there is considornble grass with the plant, cattle ■ dressing of lime be given to the soil ut the time 

 hat It olT without danpor, and it seems to lose much i of plowing. 



fits acrid property when cut with grass and made 

 nto hay. It is cn'iily destroyed by plowing and 

 ropping, followed by again seeding. 



The o.x-cye, or white daisy, is a pestiferous weed 

 'hero it is allowed to establish itself on n farm, 

 rowding out most of the valuable grasses, and be- 

 ig in itself of little use. It is most frequent in 

 astnrcs, alliiough seen in meadows, and can only 

 G eradicated by tillage cnoducted in a proper man- 

 «r. 

 The Canada thistle is most unfortunately so 

 ell known as to require no description. Spread- 

 ig both by its long, creeping, vigorous roots, nnd 

 V its seeds, it has spread over a very large part of 

 lO northern States, and promises to eventually oc- 

 ipy no inconsiderable portion of the remainder. 

 is one of the most ditiicult plants to destroy, as 

 e roots throw out stems iVoni each joint, and if 

 iiy part of the roots arc left undisturbed in the 

 il, they will at once spring up and produce a nu- 

 erou-j body of plants. On the best cultivated 

 rnis it is with dilficulty kept under, and on those 

 nere spring grains nre generally grown, and hoed 

 op« and summer fallows are unfrequent, they 

 i with great rapidity. It prefers a rich, moist 

 il, and on such is with more ditficulty eradicated 

 ■>in on dry or less fertile ones ; yet the roots are 

 tenacious of life, that on all, it is one of the 

 St formidable of weeds. No half-way or tem- 

 riziiig measures will succeed with the thistle. 

 must be attacked vigorously, either by plowing, 

 ■sing, or repeated mowing, and there must be no 

 «l till it is destroyed root and branch. If one 

 nr'a tillage or fallowing does not answer the 

 rpose, give two ; but it must be remembered 

 t a single root left living, will in a short time 

 Jo all that you have done, and fill the soil as be- 

 e. 



Broad-leaved dock is a bad weed, as it spreads 



idly when allowed to perfect its seeds, and it 



ows out such a mass of leaves that it occupies 



ground almost exclusively. f'ortunntely its 



itiuction is comparatively easy, nothing more be- 



required than with a single blow from a sharp 



•, to cut otT the plant below the crown, or at 



le little distance in ihe ground, and as it throws 



no suckers from the roots, it is killed at once. 



^ouch, quack, or wheat grass, is n serious pest 



he farmer, as it is very tenacious of life, and 



5W8 out roots from every joint of its stem that 



dies the earth. Its roots too are creeping, and 



part of them left in the land is sure to vege- 



!. Low says the most effectual method of de- 



lying this weed, " is by frequent plowing and 



rowing, and collecting the roots by the hand." 



Ljland, where it is the worst weed of tilled 



Js, implements are used called grubliers, which 



through the pulverized soil, and bring utit 



Kverlasting, or cotton weed, so called by some 

 from the white down on its stems and leaves, is a 

 plant that is rapidly scattered by its seeds when 

 they nre allowed to ripen, and a root once estab- 

 lished in the soil progresses slowly, but surely, to 

 destroy, wo believe, every other plant of grass 

 with which it comes in contact. On cultivated 

 lands it does little or no injury, but spreails in pas- 

 tures most injuriously, unless pains ,ire ti.keii to 

 cut thcin up so as to prevent their seeding, or ilig- 

 ging them by the root, which latter course is pre- 

 ferable, ns the cure if thoroughly perf'orDied is ef. 

 foctual. 



Of the annual weeds, tlie one which produces 

 the greatest injury to the wheat grower is the stecii 

 crout, or red root. \Vc have seen in Western New 

 Vork, thousands of ncrcs of wheat which would 

 hardly give half a crop from the prevalence of this 

 weed. It springs up early, grows rapidly, and its 

 spreading thick top smothers and exhausts the 

 wheat plant. The remedy for this nuisance is 

 first to clean the land of all the red-root in it by 

 thorough tillage, and then to sow none but pure 

 seed. If a few stalks any where appear in a field, 

 pull them up at once, and by no means allow any 

 to mature their sends on the farm. 



Charlock or wild mustard on many farms abounds 

 in all plowed lands and springs up in grain of all 

 kinds. .As this plant ripens its seed, and sheds 

 them from its pods before harvesting, it is one of 

 the worst of the annual weeds to eradicate. Hoed 

 crops are useful in exterminating charlock, and on 

 some farms in England wheat is sown in rows to 

 give the crop the benefit of this clearing process. 

 Summer fallowing is also good, if the plowings are 

 repeated so often as to give an opportunily for all 

 the seeds in the soil to vegetate, and be destroyed 

 in succession. Its yellow flowers render it con- 

 spicuous in wheat or other grain, and where but 

 little exists it may be pulled by hand and the crops 

 freed from its presence. 



Cliickweed, on old sour grounds, is a bad weed, 

 and the richer such grounds are made, the more 

 troublesome will this plant become. The best 

 method of eradicating this weed is to change the 

 character of the soil, making it dry by draining, 

 and curing their sourness by using lime or ashes. 

 It rarely shows itself to any extent on sandy or 

 lime rock dry lands, while it will cover u field like 

 a mat »ihero the soil is wet, tenacious and cold. 



Climbing buckwheat, or bindweed, is rarely in- 

 jurious on well tilled lands ; but where the culti- 

 vation is imperfect, or the plant springs up in grain, 

 it does much mischief by binding the growing 

 plants together and preventing them perfecting 

 their seeds. Weeding or tillage will destroy the 

 climbing buckwheat. 



Burdock, independent of the injury it does to 



the wool ol »heep, or ihc ninno and tails of cullii, 

 loaded and bound together with burdock burx, you 

 mny uuhout further exniniualion pnmounco thi'ir 

 owner a slovenly, unthrifty farmer. The burdock 

 ii easily killed liy cutting it below the crown of 

 the plant, and where such is the case there can be 

 no excuse for its presence. 



Feverfew, or Mayweed, is common in »ome parts 

 of our country nnd is injurious in grain. Tho- 

 rough cultivation is fatal to it, nnd consequently it 

 is not so much dreaded as some other plants. Wild 

 or stinking chamomile is sometimes miNtakcn for 

 Feverfew, but the inanageincnt of both mny be l^^p 

 same, nnd the extirpation of cither is not dilficult. 



There are many other plants and shrubs that in- 

 fest the fields of the fanner, and materially lessen 

 his products and profits. Il may be remarked, 

 however, that all weeds arc frequent or scarce on 

 a farm, exactly in proportion as its maniigement is 

 bad or good. All will prosper where the culture 

 is bad : nil will be exterminated where the manage- 

 ment is good. 



TO S.AVE SEEDS. 



All seeds keep better in their seed vessels, but 

 this can rarely be done, on account of the great 

 I space occupied. As soon, therefore, as the pods 

 !of cnbbages, turnips, radishes, &c. turn brown, and 

 a part becomes dry, the sterns should be cut and 

 laid on a cloth or floor to dry, and afterwards 

 thrashed out and hung up in bags in some open, 

 airy place. Lettuces should he pulled up with the 

 roots, as soon as there is the least appearance of 

 maturity, and hung up, and the plants will ripen 

 all of their seeds, nearly at the same time. If left 

 in the garden to ripen, the earliest and best will 

 be lost ; in fact, except under very favorable cir- 

 cumstances, very few will be obtained, as every 

 shower and every strong breeze will lessen the 

 quantity nnd scatter those which are mature over 

 the whole garden. The same course should be 

 pursued with leeks and onions. It is a prevalent 

 opinion that the bush squash cannot be perpetuated 

 among us, as such have a strong tendency to run, 

 and will in ime or two seasons become a vine. — 

 This is a mistake, and originated, no doubt, in the 

 manner of saving the seed. If the first squashes 

 which appear be retained for seed, there is no dan- 

 ger of the plant running the next season; but if 

 these be used, and those which are home at the 

 extremes are preserved for this purpose, they will 

 run, and moreover will be later in bearing. To 

 have early fruit of either the squash, cucumber or 

 melon, tiio very first should be reserved. — South- 

 cm J}<fricuUur{st. 



Destruclive Corn Worm. A valued friend in the 

 county of Norlhumherland, Va., writes us — "I am 

 now writing in a great hurry, or I would give a 

 full description of a most destructive worm now in 

 my corn: it has ent entirely up two hundred thou- 

 sand hills of my corn." Wo learn that a similar 

 visitation to that vicinity was made about twenty 

 years ago, and those who remember its appearance 

 at that time, term it the Palmn H'orm. — Americnn 

 Farnur. 



The upright, if he sufTer calumny to move him, 

 fears the tongue of man more than the eye of God. 

 — Lacon. 



