luiiiotacnon i)f ice, and it will bo reen, there 

 c. that 140 |x)uiuls of ice, put up at the tempera 



I'/.i'ro, iti cij'.iivnloiit to 17'J piumils which is [\o n com 

 ;U'il III u nielliiiir condition. 

 The I'orni of an ice hnuan is by no means a 

 ttor of indit^urence. That which presents the 

 alU'st cxternul surface is, theoroiically, the best ; 

 reLre, other things being equal, a plubulnr form 

 uld bo the most proper. This, however, is not 

 nnvoiiient ono to construct, and henco the trnii- 

 ed cone, or square, are those most frequently 

 )pt<'d, and snswcr sutliciently well. The worst 

 siblo form would be a long narrow one. 



VOL. Xlt.Krt. 10. 



AND II R T 1 C U 1. T v R .\ \, K K G I ,s 'I' K R . 



up lo Its iiiolliii(f point, the first do 

 lh:it puKSCs into It melts B portion. 



if rnlo. ) was freqiii'nlly more wnste from llie ellect 

 It has been | drink, limn their liibor C"St. We Imvo sroii 



7i5 



if \\u 

 n tiK 



cady Ntated that 140 de;;rcc.<< arc necessary to I harvest field, by the middle of the afternoon, the 



ev 



From the Allmoy Cultirntor. 



F.\RMING WITHOUT RUM. 



iVhoevcr commenced the temperance refornia- 

 1, was, in truth, a benefactor to the human race, 

 ni the highways and byways, from the borders 

 he abyss of degredalion, if not from the depths 

 he abyss itself, thousands will rise up to call 

 t man blessed, who has saved them from them- 

 ■es. Great as are the talents of O'Connell, 



e is an unpretending priest, who is at the pre- 

 t moment doing more to elevate, disenthral and 



ne'-atc Ireland, than a thousand O'Connells, 

 hout his aid, could have done. Wherever Fatli. 

 Jaihow gi.es, the distilleries become useles.'J, 

 pig gets an cctra quantity of corn, the wife a 

 • dnss. and the laborer sheds his rags for a new 

 t, saved from earnings that formerly went to 

 ;alize and inipoVLTish himself and family. 

 fcarccly less striking has been the result of ab- 

 jing from the common use of ardent spirits in 

 Uniti-d Slates, and in no department of indus- 

 baa this influence been more beneficially felt 



in that of agriculture. Of this no one, we 



ve, doubts, who has made the experiment of 

 ling without mm, or in other words, banishing 



nt spirits from his farming operations. 

 *^e are well aware there were thousands, in 



ne.rly every farmer in the countrj', who when 

 idea of farming without the use of ardent spir- 

 was first proposed, deemed it wild and visiona- 

 f not impossible. So intimate had the associa- 

 i of work and rum become, in the minds of 

 : men, that to separate tliera — to undertake to 

 k in upon long established usage — to get in a 

 est, or erect a building, without such drinks, 

 ired nii little exercise of reason and indepen- 

 :e of feeling. Many who were convinced the 

 tice was usrless, hesitated about abolishinn- it, 

 the withholding spirits should be charged to a 

 Tious disposition. Good sense, however, and 

 ;liiig of right prevailed ; rum was banished 



ttiL- harvest field and the raising, in numerous 

 nces, and it was found that none of the inju. 

 lefTects anticipated by many, followed. There 

 no want of laborers ; the coarse grains still 

 nanded good prices; and four or five distil- 

 3 in every town ceased to produce and distri- 



misery and death. 



those neighborhoods and on those farms from 

 b intoxicating drinks liave been banished, 



revolting scenes unfortunately once too com- 



aro now 



reaper no liliif (hat ho was as likely to cut off hia 

 own fingers an the nrniii, and compelled to rcHort 

 the feiici' and take a nap, to restore 

 I a capacity for work. Wo have seen half a dozen 

 cradle™ racing it through a whealliold like mad- 

 men, yelping and yelling like savages, throwing 

 the grain behind them without care nnd thought, 

 and causing u waste greater tliiiii as inaiiy swine 

 would have done, even had they been of the most 

 approved alligator breeds. Wo have seen a dozen 

 men reeling liome from a raisintr, to sleep away the 

 liquor that liad stolen away their reason, or, as was 



most likely, to abuse their wives and children. 



Now, where teinperance principles prevail, such 

 scenes are never witnessed ; and their influence 

 can be traced in the mitigation of these evils, even 

 where they are not yet fully triuinphint. 



The proper source of ability to hibor is found in 

 food ; this alone nourislics and confers strength. 

 Ardent spirits give no nourishment; they only 

 stimulate; and all e.vperience proves that all ex 



Tliiy lipurli nn I'riiit in our gardoni; di-li(;lit (all 

 except ono species,) in alioching tliemselve.H to our 

 huuseii; aiuusr us with llieir iiiigrationH, songs uiid 

 marvellous agilily ; and clear our outlets from the 

 annoyance of gnata ond other troublesome insccln." 

 — If'hite'a Xat. Jlisl. of .Stlbomt. 



"The proper and natural food of swallows, con- 

 sists ulnioKt entirely of gimLs, flies and small co- 

 loplenius insects; ond smnc notion of the myriada 

 of these insects destroyed by swallows alone, with- 

 out mentioning other hirundiiits, may be formed 

 from a most pleasing and interesting memoir fur- 

 nished by the Rev. Waller Trevelyan to Mr Be- 

 wick, [Uriliih UirJs, vol. i p. MK),] wherein is 

 mentioned that a tame and young swallow could 

 eat from 700 to 1000 flies iii a day. Now, if an 

 immatured bird of this species, and in a confined 

 state too, coiiM destroy so many we may be as- 

 sured that when at large, and having others to 

 provide for as well as themselves, swallows must 

 commit very wide and extensive devastation 

 amongst winged insects. Supposing them to ar- 

 rive about the middle of April, and to depart about 



penditure of power not based on the true -source of I '!"' '"!'^i''= "' ""'' "'"September, making a stay of 



upply, can only be temporary, and must produce 

 results the most injurious to the individual. The 

 correct course, then, is to substitute the nutritive 

 for the stimulant; healthful for tlie injurious ; hab- 

 its that loo frequently end in ruin, for those that 

 are certainly safe and honorable. 



If there is a single reader of the Cultivator who 

 has never made a trial of farming ivithout rum, we 

 ask him as a friend to make it thoroughly the pre- 

 sent season, and then to judge for himself The 

 experiment is not now an untried and hazardous 

 one; it encounters no opposing of public opinion, 

 nor subjects the farmer to the charge of eccentrici- 

 ty or niggardliness; and it is not one which might 

 once have been considered as tampering with the 

 health of the workinginan. The man who labors 

 must have food in abundance, and of the best kind ; 

 he must have drink, too, but this should not be ar- 

 dent spirit. Good home-brewed malt beer, milk, 

 and water, sweetened water slightly acidulated, 

 and a little ginger added, are all rood drinks, all 

 contain nourishment, and will allay thirst, at least 

 as effectually as ardent spirits. Discontinue rum 

 and whiskey, and try these; take a bi«cnit and 

 some cheese, instead of a drink of grog, forenoon 

 and afternoon ; eat your meals regularly, and labor 

 reasonably, and our word for it, you will find your- 

 self in all respects as well, and your business much 

 more satisfactorily conducted, than when ardent 

 spirits are used. 



five whole month-, and allowing that each swallow 

 destroys from one to two thousand flies daily, the 

 same bird must clear the region it inhabits of 

 nearly .■■(00,000 noxious or troublesome animals in 

 one summer; and before any conception of the 

 myriads destroyed in the course of a single sum- 

 mer by the whole race of birundines can bo form- 

 ed, not only must the exact number of swallows, 

 house-martins, sand-martins, and swifts which visit 

 us be known — a mntler that is impossible — but 

 our powers of calculation must be enlarged far be- 

 yond what they at present are." — FothergiWa Xat, 

 Hislory. 



UTILITY OF THE SWALLOW. 

 Although our climate is free from the inroads of 

 locusts and the larger mosquitoes, yet it gives birth 

 to innumerable swarms of gnats an<J flies that would 

 assuredly be an almost Egyptian annoyance, were 

 the checks upon their increase destroyed ; and of 

 these checks the swallotv is one of the most active 

 and powerful. "Whoever — (as the eloquent and 

 fascinating historian of Selborne has beautifully 

 remarked) — whoever contemplates the myriads of 

 insects that sport in the sunbeams of a summer's 

 evening, will soon be convinced to what a degree 

 our atmospliere would be choaked with them, was 

 t not for the friendly interfiosition of the swallow 

 onger seen. We remember I tribe"— " a tribe that (to use the langua<7e of the 

 . It was the custom to find each laborer in the same charming writer,) are the most inoflfensive 

 St held with his pint of spirits daily, that there I harmless, entertaining, social and useful of birds' 



IDLENESS. 

 " Wretched," says an English writer, " is the 

 man who has no employment but to watch his own 

 digestion, and who on waking up in the morning, 

 has no useful occupation of the day presented to 

 his mind. To such an one, respiration is a toil, 

 and existence a constant disease. Self-oblivion is 

 his only resource — indulgences in alcohol, in va- 

 rious disguises, his remedy ; and death or supersti- 

 tion his only comfort and hope. For what was he 

 born ? and why does he live ? are questions which 

 he constantly asks himself; and his greatest enig- 

 mas are the smiling faces of habitual industry, 

 stimulated by the wants of the day or fcara of the 

 future. If he is excited to exertion, it is common- 

 ly to indulge in some vicious propensity, or display 

 his scorn for those pursuits which render others 

 happier than himself." 



SHEEP. 

 The American Farmer says: To prevent (eslrus 

 ovis, or the fly which causes worms in the heads of 

 sheep, from carrying on their operations against 

 this animal, you have nothing to do but to prepare 

 a few troughs, and occasionally, say once a week, 

 put a mixture of salt and tar into them, and the 

 sheep will, in licking for the salt, so besmear its 

 nose, as to form an impenetrable barrier against 

 this destructive insect. 



It is estimated that the surplus wheat product of 

 Michigan this year will be 2,.')00,000 bushels; and 

 a surplus of pork of 300,000 barrels. This young 

 State may well boast of her agricultural greatness. 



