XX. NO. un. 



AND H O li r I C U L T U RAL K E Ci I S T E k 



205 



g: 



I'lu' N> liiwing coiii|icii>ei Mr IvniiilaU'd UDuful ob- 

 A'Dlioiid : 



The extent of the orchard, 3 I -'J acres ; the iiuni' 

 of trees, ^I'i ; tlisir distance apart, 'J.'i IVct : 

 njmcs of the apples or varieties, 57 — as fnl- 

 B : MelaCarla; Fliiiiiiing Spitzcnbcrg ; Lndy ; 

 tur ; English 11 iisset ; Knight's Pippin ; Criuvs 

 ,. . I'uinwater Sweeting ; Hod and (irecn Sum- 

 rl'oarcnain; I'ear Apple; Anmry ; Rod Doctor ; 

 gglou' Sweeting ; French Nonpareil ; Peck's 

 :isant ; Uravcnstein ; Black (Jelly (lower ; Daw- 

 i; H) re ; Coney; Prince's Harriet: Summer 

 isol ; Orang* Sweeting; R. I. Greening; Sj- 

 iiir Sweeting (from the garden ot" the Hon. Jus. 

 ^V.ille, Bristol, R. I.); .Esopus Spitzcnberg; 

 e Pi'urmain ; Mawney Sweeting ; Newton 

 lzonbcrg;.No Core; Vellow Bellrtower ; 'I'ewks- 

 y Winter Blush ; Wurner, (from Canaan, N Y.) ; 

 iiiiai-r Circeniug ; Codling; Porter; Roxbury 

 s$ct ; Marigold ; llubbardslon's Nonsuch ; Coop- 

 ; Sock-notartlicr ; Summer Sour ; Ben ; John 

 lodwiu ; Green Newton Pippin ; Pennock Red 

 inter; Summer Rose ; Catlin; Baldwin; Fall 

 rine ; Belltlower; Winter Swetting ; Honey 

 ining ; Lilv Pippin ; Early Sweet Bougb ; None- 

 :h. " ' 



Tientment. 



Till} ground has been planted to roots, every 

 nr since, and including, lS-37, viz: to potatoes, | 

 rrots, ruta baga, sugar beets and mangel wurlzcl. ', 

 The manures used, have been common stable; 

 mpust of stable, loam and swamp mud ; lime com- 

 t, sificnt nslies, plaster, and a small quantity of 

 tpilro. ', 



The trunks and lower limbs of the trees have [ 

 an well trashed with oil soap, sand ond water, 

 ery spring and fall since they wer« planted out; 

 er which a coat of oil soap has been put on with 

 aimer's brush. The oil soap is made by refining 

 d. bleaching sperm oil, and is composed of from 

 1-3 to ^5 per cent, potash, and the balance 

 erm oil and impurities from the oil. 

 The first pruning was done the first of May last 

 at ; at which tiinc every tree had tho earth re- 

 vived from around it, to examine for borers, not 

 « tree was found to contain a burer, or any indi- 

 tioQ of one. 

 The soil, a sandy-giatrelly loam, and naturally 



|:ht. 



Observnlions. 



I have noticed that shallow planting with all 

 ;e3 succeeds much the best, and can, I think, be 



counted for pliilosupliically. 'i he roots are luxu- 

 iiting in a good soil, and are more immediately 

 ider solar influence. 



My mode nf planting is as follows: — The muti- 

 ted roots of each tree are carefully cut off smooth ; 

 ■en the small fibrous ones, and engrafting salve 

 It over large cuts. Tho roots are immersed in 

 aler for above one half hour before pl.mting, 

 ereby inducing the mould or loam to become at. 

 ched to them. The hole to be dug sulficitntly 

 rge 81) that every root may extend without bend- 

 ig or being crampc). I put nothing around the 

 lots but surface earth, and that carefully worked 

 I by hind, each root and fibre thus laying horizon, 

 lly and naturally. I use no manure in setting, 

 ine bushel of fine stable manure was put round 

 toch tree the first of November, and repeated for 

 Wo year*. 



' I prefer rniHing tho earth around trees when first 

 planted, above the common level, and thereby give 

 llioiii firroiu's.x, than to plant deep, placing n tree 

 ili-epi'r llinn it originally i-tocd, with no prosprcl 

 of finding the surface earth, thus bixomiiig n moss 

 ^ covered and (tinted tree, whoio rooLs have been 

 seaiching a cold and uncongenial soil, with little 

 or nothing to givu tlioiii vitality. 



As to ilie time for planting, from the little expe- 

 nenco I have had, I much prefer the spring of the 

 year. 



Much has been said and written in favor of au- 

 tumnal planting. It may be that English autlmrH 

 have done much to encourage this opinion. In Old 

 England I should expect them to succeed well in 

 full planting : they have but a fow degrees of fiost 

 compared with New England. 



In answer to your inquiries as to tho oil soap, I 

 say that from 8 to 10 lbs. of oil soap are put into a 

 common pail, we put on a sufficient quantity of 

 warm water, so that when commingled with the 

 soap, it is about as thick or a little thicker than 

 pniiit when mixed for use. With this pail of soap, 

 thinned as described, the man having a small tin 

 puil, or bag, or pocket, filled with fine sand, tied 

 round his waist, with a coarse crash cloth and a 

 paint brush, is ready fur operating. He first wets 

 Ills cloth with soap, then scatters on some dry sand, 

 and gives the trunk and branches a good rubbing, 

 after which, with a paint brush, lie puts on a cout 

 of the soap, prepared as above, equal to a thick 

 coat of paint. It is well to select for this work 

 the termination of a storm of rain, when the moss 

 or any roughness on the bark, will yield more 

 readily to rubbing. 



Respectfully, your ob't serv't, 



GEO. RANDALL. 



The preceding useful observations were in part 

 made in Mr Randall's first application to the Sec- 

 retary, Mr Guild, for premium, and afterwards en- 

 larged by the requeet of the Committee. 



infostod with lice, and nut liable to diaordera ; and 

 this ir'ethod oft.iking care of them is very conve- 

 iiiiMit. aa llipy nny bo k"-pt in n yard with tho 

 "liec'p, BPparuii! frmn the other cattle, and watered 

 in the morning before other cattle uro turned out, 

 winch are liable to dmlurb or injure tliein. After 

 Ihu stronger cuttle are houiied early in the evening, 

 tho calves may again go to tho water in peace and 

 safely. 



VVIien calves run with sheep, it may be well to 

 tie them up a part of tho time in the latter part of 

 the winter or in tho spring, else they will be more 

 difRcult to manage the second winter, if not accus- 

 tomed to confinement, and frequent handling to 

 tunie tliem tiie first winter. 



Wo have never known the practice of keeping 

 calvea among sheep to be pursued cRtensivcly, 

 therefore we recommend it for experiment, as it ia 

 highly approved of by all who have tried it, as far 

 as our information extends. Please try this way 

 and report to us the result. — Farmers' Journal. 



A Curiosity. — There was in the market, yester- 

 day, a kidney and suet which weighed 138 lbs ! 

 It was lately part and parcel of a cow, and the 

 whole animal after it was slaughtered weighed 

 only about (iOO pounds. The other kidney weigh- 

 ed only four pounds. Commonly, the kidney of 

 an animal of 800 pounds weight, weighs about 6 or 

 8 pounds. '1 he cow had been fed for fattening 

 during the .summer, ate heartily, was driven from 

 Manchester to Beverly just before she was killed, 

 and appeared to be well and lively. The beef waa 

 very poor, almost the whole nutriment seeming to 

 have tended to this enormous kidney. Some years 

 ago there was a case here of a kidney weighing 

 sixty or seventy pounds, but we never heard ot 

 one which quite equalled the present. — Siilem Reg. 



CALVES AMONG SHEEP. 



Some farmers who have kept calves among sheep, 

 recommend this method as decidedly superior. VVe 

 have tred it with success, and noticed a great im- 

 provement in calves, in a month or two aflcr put 

 with sheep, when the sheep and calves were fed 

 with buy only, the same as previously given to the 

 calves. 



Tine digestive powers of young cattle arc very 

 strong, and well calculated to dispose of coarse 

 fodder, and on such fodder it is generally allowed 

 that they do the best. Whether the calves receive 

 an advantage from the coarse fodder on which they 

 mostly subsist when with sheep, as the sheep readi- 

 ly pick out the finest, or the dung and stale of 

 sheep dropped on the fodder has a good effect, we 

 cannot tell. 



The orts of sheep are 8omelim>.'s found to pos- 

 sess medicinal virtues for other stock. We once 

 owned a sick horse, whose disorder seemed proof 

 againsit other medicine, and by keeping him wholly 

 on sheep's orts, which were mostly raked out of 

 tho manure, where they had laid fur a month or 

 two, and which were readily eaten, a speedy cure 

 was produced. We knew not enough ol horstotogt/ 

 to delormine what Ihe disorder was. It was at- 

 tended with a severe cough, lose of appetite, lean- 

 ness and general delibity. 



It has been stated, and by our observation con- 

 firmed, that calves that run with sheep are never 



Sail your }l htiit. — We copy the following from 

 un eJtchangc paper, and if correct, the information 

 is of value to the wheat grower : 



" Salt is said to be a complete preventive against 

 the dcstriiclion of wheat by the weevil. Mix a 

 pint of salt with a barrel of wheal', or put the 

 grain in old salt barrels, and the weevil will not 

 touch it. Ill sticking wheat, 4 or .'5 quarts of salt 

 to every hundred sheaves, sprinkled among them, 

 will entirely secure them from the depradation of 

 the insect, and render the straw more valuable ■« 

 food (or cattle.'" — Ky. Far. 



TranspiuiUing Trees. — Most nut-bearing trees 

 may be as much improved by transplanting and 

 grafting as fruit trees are. The hickory and tho 

 chesnut may thus be made to bear nuts far better 

 fluvo.-cd and three times as largo as they produce 

 in an uncultivated stale. In a good soil they will 

 soon come to maturity ; and tor shade, fuel, or 

 limber, the chesnul, butternut, and liickory are not 

 inferior to the unproductive liorse chesnut, elin, 

 and maple. Late in autumn or in spring is the time 

 tor transplanting, for which and for grafting the 

 same course is to bo pursued as with the apple or 

 pear tree, care being taken to place the roots about 

 the same depth in the earth that they naturally 

 grow. — Farmers' liegisltr. 



Wealth, in this country, may be traced back to 

 industry and friijialily ; and tlie paths which lead 

 t J it are open to all. 



