A N I) II O U T I C U L T U R A L K E G I S T E II . 



PUBLISHED Br JOSEPH BRECK ft CO., NO. 63 NOKTH MARKET STREET, (Aobicoltdral Wa»hocii.)— ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR. 



>L.XX.l 



BOSTON, WEONKSn.W KVKNINO, MAY 18, 1812. 



J NO. tn. 



N. E. FARMER. 



MAKING BUTTRR. 



Tlio fullfHTin^ mcllioil of making butter is prnc- 

 rd in a count)' iii SoDlland, long t'umous for the 

 ccllonce of ita butler : — 



"The milk is set in cellars arclicil over with 

 ck work, deep and cool, somcniiat re-semblini 

 :li vaults as are best adaplPd to krcpinit wine in 

 >pcr order. The teinpcraturc of the air in win- 

 as well ns sun\iner, is nearly from 5A to fiO of 

 hrcnhoit's thernionietcr. They arc paved with 

 ! ordinary tiles or with brick^■. 

 Wlion there is any rcasen to apprehend the heat 

 nclralinj into the cellar, the vent holes are stopt 

 th straw during the heat of the day. 

 lo the winter they take care that the cold should 

 : pet into this cellar, by stopping the vent holes 

 like manner in frosty weather. 

 The door of these cellars, and the vent holes, 

 juld be either on the north or west side ; the 

 }r is often within the dwelling-house, but al- 

 ys in a room where r.o fire is kept. 

 Neatness and cleanliness are so very 'sential 

 this cellar, that no wooden utensils, boards, &c., 

 • suffered to be in it ; because as these would 

 .n rut in such a cool place, a disagreeable and 

 sty smell would issue from them. 

 Not the least dirt is to be seen either on the 

 if, the edges of the air holes, or on Uic tloor : 

 1 in order to preserve this neatnes.n, the pave- 

 nt is frequently washed, and nobody comes in 

 bout putting on a pair of slippers which stand 

 dy at the door. 



The persons who have the care of the dairy, put 

 in on there, first pulling off their ordinary shoes ; 

 least smell other than that of milk, which 

 luld be perceived in the dairy, would be thought 

 injure the quality of tlie butter, and would nt- 

 )uted to the wnnt of care in the maids. 

 Cleanliness is thought so extremely necessary 

 wards the having good butter, that in Sa.xony and 

 varia they rub and wash the cows before they 

 k them, if they happen to have laid down in the 

 .v-house. 



The vessels in which the new milk is put, are 

 then dishes scalded in hot water, in order to 

 ; off the stale milk that may be soaked into their 

 jstance. The stale milk is an invisible leaven, 

 •ugh welt known, which sours the new milk, 

 nstant experience has discovered this inconve- 

 ■nce. These dishes arc fifteen inches wide at 

 ! top, six at the bottom, and six inches deep, 

 icse dimensions 'are from outside to outside ; if 

 ly were deeper, it would be hurtful — if they 

 re wider, it would be inconvenient. 

 The milk is brought from the pastures in the 

 loden pails or earthen pans in which it was milked. 

 All copper vessels are esteemed dangerous lo 

 used in a dairy. The milk is suffered to re- 

 lin quiet about an hour on the dairy floor, till the 

 ilh is gone off, and the natural heat it had, has 

 itted it It IS then poured into the dishes through 

 liieve, so that no hairs or dirt may remain in it. 



I The difhes arc sot on the lloor of the dairy, af- 

 I ter it has been well cleansed ; the coolness of the 

 ' place coniinunicatcs itself to the dishes, and pre- 

 : vents the milk from curdling ; for every thing thai 

 is done in the dairy, is in order to hinder the milk 

 from curdling and growing sour in summer before 

 the cream is taken off: and in the winter, to pre- 

 vent the dairy from being so cold us that milk 

 should be frozen, or that the bolter should bo with 

 ditficully made, on account of the cream having 

 been chilled. 



'I'ho dishes being in this manner filled, are left 

 twentyfour hours, and sometimes less, on the dairy 

 door; they are then skimmed ; they should not be 

 left longer, because the cream would lose its sweet- 

 ness, becoming thick, and the milk under it might 

 I curdle and gmw sour; and where this is the case, 

 no good butler can be expected. 

 I The skimming is performed in the fallowing 

 ; manner : 



I The maid gently raises the dish, laying the lip 

 I of it on n large pan, and with her finger's end, she 

 I divides the cream near the lip of the dish, in such 

 ! n manner that the milk which is underneath, may 

 be poured off into the great pan through this divi- 

 sion, leaving the cream by itself in the dish. 

 I All the dishes which are set at the same time, 

 are in this manner at the same time, emptied, and 

 ;all the cream is put together in proper pans, in or- 

 der to bo churned at the appointed luiur. 



If the weather is tempestuous, very hot, or in- 

 clines to thunder, the cream arises apace, and the 

 milk will quickly curdle and grow sour, but this 

 must bo prevented in this manner: as soon ns the 

 dairy woman hears the the thunder at a distance, 

 she runs to the dairy, .-tops up thej«ent hoU's, cools 

 the pavement by thro'vmg down spine water, and 

 then skims nil the dishes wherein tlw cream has 

 risen a little. 



In some extraordinary cases the crcapi rises in 

 less than twelve hours. 



When the milk is thus drawn off from beneath 

 the cream, by stooping the dishes, within a space of 

 twenty hours nt farthest, tlm buttermilk which is 

 in the cream, is not in the least sour, niui the same 

 may be said of the skimmed milk. This last be- 

 ing then a very thin liquid, no part of it remains 

 in the cream, so that there will be no danger of the 

 cream souring in four or five days, whilst it is kept 

 in the dairy before it is churned." 



CROWS. 



Mr EniTOR — I noticed in your Farmer of Sat- 

 urday, May 2d, 1840, a method of driving off crows, 

 by catching one in a trap. This is a cruel way of 

 treatment to the poor crow taken. It also operates 

 to the general disadvantage of the farmer for the 

 lime that the crows absent themselves, as, if 

 permitted to remain about his premises, they would 

 doubly repay for all the injury they cominitled. 



People are beginning to be sensible of the great 

 losses which they have sustained and arc sustain- 

 ing, in their crops, by the great and wanton destruc- 

 tion, of late years, of all kinds of birds. 



It is a well known tact that birds live on wcirniH 

 and insects. It is also well known that insects 

 and worms live on vegetables. If, therefore, we 

 destroy the birds, which live entirely on thn worms 

 and insects, wo so far protect the worms and in- 

 sects, whorcby our crops arc so much more destroy- 

 ed. Why should wo knowingly and deliberately 

 do a iWinix having a direct tendency to the destruc- 

 tion of our crops, on which we depend for the sup- 

 port of ourselves and our stock. 



Probably the greatest cniiec of enmity lo the 

 crow, is that he pulls up the corn. This to be sure 

 is some vo.vation. But this trouble is easily reme- 

 died, and to the advantage of the farmer too. Soak 

 the corn in some liquor that is unsavory to the 

 taste of the crow, as saltpetre, pickle, tar water, 

 then sprinkle some flour of sulphur among it, and 

 the crow will not eat it. Whenever he finds that 

 the corn is not palatable, ho desists from pulling it 

 up, for he does not work for mischief, but for his 

 own support. When he finds he gels nothing for 

 this kind of labor, he leaves it, and betakes to some 

 more hopeful employment. Scatter a few kernels 

 of this unsavory corn about upon the ground, and 

 after tasting a few of them, he will not meddle any 

 farther with them. 



Tha great and increasing complaints which are 

 abroad in the land, of the dreadful ravages of worms 

 and insects, is owing mostly to the destruction cf 

 the birds < f all kinds, especially the crow. The 

 opposite policy ought to have been pursued — that 

 of protecting, encouraging, and domesticating ns 

 far as possible, all kinds of birds. And it is won- 

 derful what a provision Providence has made in 

 this department of nature's work. The insects 

 and worms, and the birds come and disa[>pcar at 

 the same lime. 



Perhaps friend K., after thinking this matter 

 over again, and with a better deliberation, will ad- 

 vise his brother farmers, not to trap and kill the 

 crows, and will also adopt n different policy him- 

 self. I will conclude in Mr K.'s own words : " Try 

 it, Mr K., try it, farmers, and rid yourselves and 

 your neighbors of the tormentors," the worms and 

 the insects Yankee Farmer. 



To Relitvt Choking. — The following method of 

 relieving neat cattle when choaked by a turnip or 

 potato, has been tried and found successful in eve- 

 ry instonce. Pour into the throat of the animal, 

 from a junk bottle, a pint or so of lamp or sweet 

 oil, nt the same lime rubbing the throat briskly 

 with the hand. Immediate relief will follow. — 

 Southern ^gricul. 



Cheap. — To convey an idea of the low price of 

 provisions at Cincinnati, says the Republican of 

 the 9th ult., we mention the fact that 90,000 lbs. 

 of bacon, hog round, good country cured, was offer- 

 ed for sale yesterday, at 1 1-2 ct. per lb. without a 

 purchaser. The highest offer made was 11-4 ct. 

 per lb. 



Doing good is Ihc only certainly happy action of 

 a man's life. 



