vol,. XT. 5IO. 4 7 



AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, 



:ni 



fficiPiit ;;roiincl for 'firiiirrs to nlmlisli llio prof- 

 »t 'Mice, nnd put the whole of their plowmen on 

 iinine looting. I toon law the evils attendin<; 

 eystoin, and put »ii end to it on my oirn f«rni. 

 hOM one plowman displnva moro skill than lln- 

 t, it n siitKclcnl honor (or him to be intriistod to 

 eciite ihc most ditlicult pieces of work : and this 

 ■t ot' preference will give no uinbra^je to the olh- 

 ni lln-y are as conscious of his superiority in 

 rk ;is iliu farmer himself can possibly be. The 

 vioes of plowmen are required on all sorts of 

 m.s, from the carae-farai to the pastoral, on 

 which the (jreatest and the least portion of ara- 

 culture are practised. 

 fYc/(/ irorkers. — Field icorkers are indispensable 

 vniits on every farm devoted to arable culture, 

 ey mostly consist of young women in Scotland, 

 : more freijuenlly of men and boys in England ; 

 J yet, ther^ are many manual operations mpcli 

 lor done by women than men. In liand-pickinjf 

 nes nnd weeds, in filling drains, and in barn 

 rk, thry are far more expert, and do them more 

 tly, than men. The duties of field-workers, as 

 ir very name implies, arc to perform all the man- 

 operations of the fields, as well as those with 

 smaller instruments, which are not worked by 

 ses. The manual operations consist chiefly of 

 inij and planting the sets of potatoes, gathering 

 d?, picking stones, collecting the potato crop, 

 filling dr.iins with stones. The operations 

 h the smaller instruments are pulling turnips 

 preparing them for feeding stock and storing 

 winter, performing barn-work, carrying seeil- 

 1, spreading manure upon the land, hoeing 

 itoes and turnips, and weeding and reaping corn- 

 is. A considerable number of field-workers are 

 lired on a larm. and they are generally set to 

 k in a band. They work most steadily under 

 ^niitendence. The steward, the hedger, or 

 le-man, should superintend them when the band 

 arge ; but when small, one of themselves, n 

 1 person, who is capable of taking the load in 

 k, may superintend them well enough, pro- 

 d she has a watch tn mark the time of work 

 rcsL But field-workers do not always work 

 tieinselvcs ; being at times associated with the 

 k of the horses, when thy require no particular 

 •tintendence. On some farms it is considered 

 lomical to lay the horses idle, and employ the 

 gliinen at their labors rather than engage field 

 iers. This may be one mode of avoiding a lit- 

 luilay of money ; but there is no true econo- 

 n allowing horses " to eat off their own heads," 

 le phrase has it ; and besides, ploughmen con- 

 possibly do light work so well as field-work- 

 in manufacturing districts field-workers are 

 ce ; but were farmers generally to adopt the 

 of employing a few constantly, and hire lliem 

 he purpose by the liilf-year, insteld of em- 

 a large number at times, young women 

 Id be induced to adopt field-labor as a profes- 

 aiid become very expert in it. It is steadi- 

 of service that makes the field-workers of the 

 h of Scotland so superior to the same class in 

 r parts of the country. 



'Ae Dairy Maid. — The duties of the dairy-maid 

 well defined. She is a domestic servant, doin- 

 c Hied in tlie farm-house. Her principal duty is, 

 er namo implies, to milk the cows, to manage 

 milk in all its stages, bring up the calves, and 

 e into butter and cheese the milk that is ob- 

 ad from the cows after the weaning of the 



calves. The other domestics giiicrnlly u.i»i«t her 

 in milking the cows nnd terding ihu calves, when 

 there is rf Inrgo number of both. Should any 

 lambs lose their mother.', the dairy maid should 

 bring tlioin up with cow's milk until tliH time of 

 wenniiig, when they are relumed to the llock. At | 

 the lambing season, choiild any of llie ewes be 

 scant of milk, tlio shepherd applies to the dairy-, 

 nmid to have his bottlc.-i replenished with warm 

 new milk for the hungered lambs. The dairv- 

 iiiaid al.so milks the ewes after the weaning of the 

 lambs, and makes cheese of the ewe-milk. She 

 should attend to the poultry, feed them, set the 

 brooders, gather the eggs daily, take charge of the 

 broods until able to provide for ihcnisclvea, and sec 

 them safely lodged in their reipectire apartments 

 every evening, and let ihcm abroad every morning. 

 It is generally the dairy maid, when there is no 

 housekeeper, who gives out the food for the reap- 

 ers, and takes charge of their articles of bedding. 

 The dairy -maid should be an active, attentive, and 

 intelligent person." 



ry iniiHty, and li.mdlcd wet and clammy in the bng« 

 in which it had been shipped ; exhibiting every 

 sign of having undergone fermentation during the 

 paiisngc : and I fiml, upon inquiry, Ihnl a l«rg« 

 portion of the »opd did not vegetate when sown m 

 the autumn, the failure arising, no doubt, from this 

 rniise. And this leads to the question, is not the 

 nlmosl proverbial ill success attending the growing 

 crops ofbects, &.C., from imported seed, to bo thuH 

 accounted for, the general mode of packing for 

 ship. board being in loose barrels or bags, exposed 

 to the damp and putrid ntinosphcrc of the hold of 

 the vessel — which is ollcii leaky — during a pas- 

 sage of sometimes 1^0 or 00 days ? All which evil 

 Could be prevented by merely packing in perfectly 

 air-tight casks — a consideration of very great mc- 

 ment, but one that by its simplicity will be very 

 apt to be disregarded, like many other things of 

 the greatest and most vital importance. 



From the Farmer's Cabinet. 



CASKS FOR PRESERVING GRAIN. 



Mr. Editor — On a late visit to a branch of the 

 Cooper family, New Jersey, I observed that the 

 granary, or place for stowing away grain of differ- 

 ent descriptions, was fitted up with binne in the 

 shape of very large and strong iron-bound casks of 

 the usual shape ; and in these, the wheat, &.C. was 

 preserved for any period, no matter how long, with- 

 out fear of weevil, grain-worm, or any other spe- 

 cies of vermin, or damp and mouldiness; the grain 

 being introduced by means of a funnel through the 

 bung-hole, winch, when the cask is full, is very 

 carefully closed and made air-lighl, the hoops be- 

 ing driven occasionally to cause them to become 

 so. Now by this very simple arrangement, ihti 

 whole crop of grain on a farm may be preserved 

 for years, as perfectly free from dampness or dis- 

 ease of any kind, as though it had been kiln-dried ; 

 the convenience of stowage being as great as in 

 open binns ; the casks standing on low tressels or 

 sleepers, admitting a bushel measure under, they 

 can be rolled on to the bung; or the grain might 

 be drawn off by a large tap made for the purpose. 



liy these means, we see how perfectly free from 

 injury of any description could grain and seeds of 

 every kind be brought by shipping from any part 

 of the world ; it is but to enclose them in stout air- 

 tight casks instead of boxes, bags, or loose barrels, 

 and no injury need be apprehended from the heat 

 of the hold or the leakage of the vessel. I de- 

 clare it seems wonderful that this mode of pa.cking 

 has not been universally adopted ; the simplicity 

 of the arrangement must be the cause of its having 

 been overlooked. And this mode of packing 

 would be efficient in the preservation of many oth- 

 er articles, which, i( too bulky for admission 

 through iho bung-hole, could be performed by re- 

 moving one of the heads and replacing it when the 

 cask was full, seeing that the hoops were driven 

 so as to insure perfect closeness. Thus might 

 fruit-trees, flowers, and fruit itself, be preserved 

 during long voyages, and we could be supplied 

 with the choicest specimens of either, from the 

 most distant parts of the globe. I very well re- 

 member that when Mr. ZoUikofer received his re- 

 markably fine sample of seed cone wheat 

 from England the last year, that it smelt ve- 



KICKINd COWS. 



A writer in the Farmers' Cabinet, upon dairy 

 cows, soys: 



" I have found a cure for this kicking disorder, 

 in its most desperate state. It is merely to place 

 the patient in a stall with a beam over head, and 

 fixing a running nooso over her horns, throw the 

 end of the rope over the beam and pull away, so as 

 to raise iier head pretty high in the air, but not so 

 as to lift her legs from the ground : in this position 

 she will not only be disabled from kicking, but will 

 give down her milk without the least hesitation. 



Ifoof-ail nnd Sore Teats.— Cowa are also liable 

 to the hoof-ail, as well as sore teats, both of which 

 are easily cured by the application of white paint 

 laid on with a small brush ; the body of the paint 

 acting mechanically in preventing the action of 

 the air on the sor(;s, and the lead operating chemi- 

 cally or medicinally in drying and healing them. 

 Care must however be taken not to apply the lead 

 to the teats while they are suckling calves; and 

 afterwards caution must be used at the time of 

 milking, but no danger need be apprehended in the 

 hands of careful persons. In inveterate hoof-ail it 

 might first be necessary, either to cauterize the 

 sore, or dress with blue stone, after which, and in 

 all slight affections, white-lead dressing — in other 

 words, painting the sores will be found sufficient to 

 effect a cure." 



The above prescription may be valuable — but 

 wo have had no experience to warrant our corn- 

 mending it. — Ed. 



Mildew on Goosehrrries. — To keep off mildew 

 'some writer says) train your bushes so as to admit 

 a free circulation of air through them; manure 

 about the roots, and forget not to sprinkle them 

 freely with soap-suds before blossoming. 



Man brings upon himself a thousand calamities, 

 as consequences of his artifices and pride, and then, 

 overlooking his own follies, gravely investigates the 

 origin of what he calls evil. 



" De conkrekation will pleeshe sing de von dou- 

 santh and two'th psalm," said a Dutch parson. 

 "There arc not so many in the book," said the 

 chorister. "Veil, den, pleeshe to sing so many as 

 tare pe." 



Man proposes, but God disposes. 



