486 MONTHLY JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE. 



they would obtain good wages, and consume double their present quantity, while 

 producing none. He would at once save much of the cost of transportation. He 

 would sell food at home instead of having to buy it, with cost of commissions 

 and transportation from his own neighborhood added to it to increase its price 

 at Manchester or Lowell, and all would be a great gainer by the operation. 



Let him then look to his cleared land, and study what would be its value if all 

 the manure yielded by his hay, and oats, and corn, and fodder, went back upon the 

 land, instead of being wasted on the road, and if all of that yielded by his wheat 

 and corn remained upon the ground instead of going to Lowell or Manchester, 

 and see if he would not be a gainer by the operation. 



Let him then look to his uncleared land, and calculate how much it would 

 cost him to destroy the timber.* Let hira then calculate the value of the tim- 

 ber, if the factory were near him, and if the blacksmith and the shoemaker, 

 the hatter and the tanner, the bricklayer and the carpenter, wanted houses ; and 

 if a town were growing up around the mill, and its inhabitants wanting pork and 

 meal, and milk and beef, and flour, and potatoes, and mutton, and see if he would 

 not be a gainer by the operation. 



Let him look to the quantity of land upon which this timber stands, and on 

 which he is paying or losing interest. Let him then look to the quality of that 

 land, and compare it with what he now cultivates. Let him calculate how 

 many bushels of potatoes it would yield, and compare their value, when con- 

 sumed upon the ground, with that of the 300 pounds of cotton now yielded by 

 an acre, and see if he would not be a gainer by the operation. 



Let him add all these things together and see if he would not save all the 

 freights and commissions ; even although he obtained no more for his cotton, and 

 .paid as much for his cloth. Let him see if he would not obtain the full value 

 of his cotton, instead of, as now, obtaining but one-third of it. 



The truth is, that the great cities and towns of the world are built up out of 

 the spoils of the farmer and planter. Looking around here in New-York, or in 

 Philadelphia, or Boston, it is not possible to avoid being struck with the number 

 of persons who live by merely exchanging — passing from the producer to the 

 consumer, — producing nothing themselves. Wagons and wagoners, carts and 

 cartmen, boats and boatmen, ships and sailors, are everywhere carrying 

 about cotton, and wool, and corn, and wheal, and flour, as if for the pleasure 

 of doing it. The man of Tennessee sends his cotton to Manchester to be twist- 

 ed. His corn goes along with it to feed the man who twists it. It leaves him 

 worth twenty cents. By the time it is consumed by the Manchester spinner, it 

 is worth, perhaps, a dollar. The laborer buys it at that price. The manufac- 

 turer gives him a dollar to pay for it, and he charges it to the cloth at $1 10. 

 The corn and cotton become cloth, and the Tennessee man buys it back, paying 

 — as we see by a JSew-Orleans paper — five bales for one ! He can sometimes send 

 his corn, but he can never send his potatoes, and the reason why he cannot is, 

 that they are of the class of commodities of which the earth yields so largely 

 that they will not pay freight. The only things he can raise for market are 

 those of which the earth yields little, and that will therefore pay freight. He 

 raises three hundred pounds of cotton, all which goes to market, bringing him 

 back but sixty fashioned into cloth ; returning nothing to the land of what it drew 



* A planter of the highest respectability, infoiined us at Montgomery, that he had in vain offered $20 an 

 acre to have 200 acres cleared for ootton. Why don't the planters of Montgomery unite to build a steam 



factory. 



(926) 



