490 



MONTHLY JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE. 



The difference in the profits of the two States must be attributed, therefore, to some other 

 cause. The labor of Rhode Island is diversified, ours is not. Let us see : there are en- 

 gaged in 



RHODE ISLAND. 



Agriculture 1 in 6 



Commerce 1 in 87 



Manufactures 1 in 5 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



Agriculture l in 3 



Commerce 1 in 301 



Manufactures l in 57 



Divide the population of the two States into families of five each: there will be 27,766 

 families in Rhode Island and 118,879 in South Carolina. Give to each family, and to the 

 horses, cattle, hogs, and sheep attached to each, the amount of gi'ain, potatoes and hay usually 

 consumed by them, and it will appear that South Carolina will be deficient in a self-supply 

 as much as a million and a half bushels, while Rhode Island will have a surplus of very 

 nearly that amount. This arises fi-om the fact that South Carolina has more horses and 

 cattle to support than Rhode Island. Thus, they are in 



RHODE ISLAND. 



I a horse to a family of five. 

 1 cow 

 4 sheep 

 1 hog 

 6i of all kinds. 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



1 J horse to a family of five. 

 4 neat cattle . - 

 1 sheep 

 7^ hogs 



14 of all kinds. 



Suppose them to be equal, and that both States have enough of wheat, rye, oats, barley, 

 potatoes and hay to support theu" population and catde, and the comparative incomes of the 

 two States would stand thus : 



RHODE ISLAND. 



Manufactures $8,640,526 



Commerce 1,294,957 



Mines 162,410 



Porests 44,610 



Fisheries 659,312 



B/ice 



Cotton 



Total $10,801,914 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



$2,248,915 



2,632,421 



187,608 



549,626 



1,275 



1,514,772 



4,628,270 



$11,762,986 



From this estimate each inhabitant in Rhode Island, after feeding himself, will have over 

 $99 for clothing and other expenses, while each one in South Carolina will have a fi'action 

 under $20. 



The above Table also shows another fact of much importance. The manufactures of 

 Rhode Island are more valuable than the cotton and i-ice of Carolina taken together. In 

 other words, the labor employed in the one is more productive than in the other two. 



It is a question, then, which comes directly home to us, " Is South Carolina less capable 

 than Rhode Island of excelling in the same profitable labors ? " 



We have already combated that class of complainers who are eternally decrying the 

 profits of agricultural labor ; there is another class who elevate it too much — even to the ex- 

 clusion of all other pursuits. Nothing is easier than to be so deceived. Such persons view 

 the agricultural calling with a poetical eye and see in it nothing but pastoral beauty and hap- 

 piness. Were this the occasion, no task would be more pleasant than to indulge in drawing 

 a picture of the virtue, and excellence, and riches of a people thus engaged. As a rhetorical 

 exprcise it might aftbrd entertainment ; but the true economist, criticising the work, would 

 pronounce it only a fancy picture, alike untrue to nature and to fact. 



Besides this, the introduction of difterent manufactures among us would have an effect 

 not less important to our Agiiculture — we mean the great iidand trade it would create. In 

 every prosperous country the inland or indirect trade is far greater than its foreign or direct 

 trade. In England or New-York, for instance, it is fifteen times greater. Consider, then, 

 a new trade created for Carolina ten times greater than at present ; consider for a moment 

 the influence upon Agriculture — how much more certainty it would afford the merchant in 

 the investment of his capital than in foreign risks ; what a numerous class of workmen it 

 would employ ; the misery it would remove by giving business to the idle, and the content 

 and happiness it would afford the complaining. Is not such a consummation devoutly to be 

 wished for ? [South CaroUnian. 



Such a consummation is most devoutly to be wished, but how is it to be ob- 

 tained ? 



Of all the cotton-growing States, South Carolina is the one whose planters 

 most need protection, because they are nearest to the great cause of disturbance. 

 The manufacturer of Tennessee is protected by distance. He buys his cotton 

 cheaper, and he can sell his cloth dearer, because of the difTerence of freight, and 

 therefore it is possible that he may be enabled to go on, notwithstanding the oc- 



(930J 



