624 MONTHLY JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE. 



1 850 22.0S0.478 



1860 29,107,304 



1 870 38.809,739 



1880 51,846,31!) 



1890 69,128,425 



Gflf) in 1040, comes out 4.34, and applied t» 

 17,068,6fi(), yields an aggregate of 74,149,986 

 at the fifth census from 1840. AVe may there- 

 fore, vvithf ullcoufideiice, regaj'd the conclusiou 

 safe that tlie intermediate mmibere and final 

 re.sults will rather exceed the resd enimiera- 

 -tious." 



" The ratio of increase for the whole mass, 

 deduced from 3,929,827 in 1790, and 17,0G8, 



The military establishment of Austria numbers 464,972. What an enormous 

 burden on the industry of a people ! For no matter what the form of tax, the 

 people must pay for Army and Navy, though sometimes they have the meanness 

 to devolve the whole burden on their posterity ! And after all, dare we (I ask 

 it not in a party or political sense, but in the name of American Farmers, who 

 have to foot the bills), dare lue reproach the Governments of Europe on account 

 of their military establishments ? These contiguous despotisms are compelled 

 to keep up their vast armies and navies to defend themselves against each other, 

 and all of them against their own people. But look at the United States ! Far 

 removed from all liability to invasion, with old women enough to beat it off with 

 brickbats should it come, mark our servile imitation of those Governments in 

 every form of their preference of the military over civil service ! For the true 

 and practical patriot in quiet civil life, however devoted and pure, small pay for 

 the moment, and, in the Avay of encouragement and reward, a tenure of office 

 liable to be at any moment dissolved and the incumbent to be whisked down the 

 tide of ruin by the breath of partizans, rising and falling in thick succession — too 

 many of them ignorant, corrupt and revengeful, 'with greedy followers eager for 

 the promised " plunder," and deaf alike to the claims of patriotism aiid the ap- 

 peals of innocence. These things directly concern the American Farmer, of 

 whatever party ; for what is property, what is a country, when its liberties are 

 cloven down ? All other classes are here to-day and gone to-morrow, compara- 

 tively. The agriculturist is the only man Avho must stand his ground and rise 

 or fall with his country ! 



The Government of Austria sets to our own and others a good example in hav- 

 ing frequent and accurate returns made of its population, and general statistics. 

 Without such returns, how can legislators judiciously adjust and regulate the 

 various interests of the State ? Every State in this Union should provide, also, 

 for a thorough survey, and periodical reports of its actual products and capabili- 

 ties. 



The total number of the nobility in the Austrian Empire has been estimated 

 at 400,000, being one in every ninety inhabitants. What a dead weight here is, 

 again, on the back of agricultural industry, when it is considered that these gen- 

 try are themselves exempt from taxation. Let American farmers beware how 

 they permit privileged and parasitical classes to grow up, under the forms and 

 shadow of our free Government, to eat into their substance, as the ox-warble 

 {(Estrus bovis) eats into the back of the ox. The farmer should look upon every 

 idle man with eyes of suspicion, whether he be on or off his farm ; for, he 

 may rely on it, his support comes, at last, out of the ground .' 



As to ELEMENTARY EDUCATION, provided by the Government, in respect of which 

 the most lamentable and disgraceful delinquency is chargeable to most of our 

 States, either in the plan or in the execution of our educational systems, Austria 

 is far from being neglectful of this greatest national concern. In that Empire, 

 below the Embs, according to the authority before me, out of every 100 children 

 above the age of six, 98 are actually at school ; above the Embs, 94 ; Tyrol, 97 ; 

 Moravia, 94 ; Bohemia, 93 ; Styria, 81 ; Transylvania, 75 ; Lombardy, 53 ; Mil- 



(1144) 



