NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



37 



cauldon holdincr six-hundred gallons and sot in an 

 arch, is mostly filled '.vith vegetable products, 

 to which is added six bushels of meal, and 

 tlie wliole is then boiled. The contents when 

 cooked are taken out, and to the mass is added an 

 equal measure of slimes, purchased at a starch 

 factory. These slimes are the best part of the 

 washings in the process of making starch from 

 flour. For the last six weeks the meal is increas- 

 ed in order to get the hogs in a high state of fat- 

 ness. The yard in which the hogs run is well 

 supplied with muck, turf, weeds, and all sorts 

 of refuse litter, and these materials are mingled 

 and enriched by the swine. When not at work, 

 the horses are stabled all, and the oxen most oi 

 the year. The other cattle of the farm are stabled 

 most of the time in the winter, and the cows 

 nights through the summer. Their stables are 

 directly over the barn cellar, into which the ma- 

 nure goes; suitable quantities of muck, loam, turf. 

 &c., are frequently added to the manure, the hogs 

 have free access, and the materials are well mix- 

 ed. In these ways some 600 loads of compost, of 

 25 bushels each, are annually made. 



Mr. Stone showed me a statement made b}' him. 

 at the request of the Commissioners of Patents, oi 

 the whole amount of receipts and expenditures for 

 three years. Here it is : — 

 Wliole amount for hay s Id, .... $4,257 00 



do. do. pork, 4,552 CC 



Fruits, vegetables, stock, &c. .... 10,025 OC 



Amonnt paid for labor, - - $3,521 00 



grain and feed for hogs, 2,058 00 



shoats, . - - 1,575 00 

 manure, - - - 373 00 



provisions - - 260 00 



goods, ... - 707 00 



taxes S310, stock $209, 619 GO 



miscellaneous items, 1^25 00 



518,834 00 



10,138 Of! 



$8,696 00 

 I think these results quite naturally remind us 

 that too many of our farmers, by scattering 

 very limited labor and means over unlimited 

 acres, mostly dissipate the former, and at the same 

 time wear out the latter ; and fertility having been 

 once sapped, the further application of the old sys- 

 tem, becomes emphatically, a lengthening weari- 

 some chase aftei lean and scattering crops. In the 

 older and settled districts of our country, we need 

 to commence a severe condensation in our farming. 

 to learn a juster adaptation of capital, labor and 

 land to each other. Our farmers can only real- 

 ize substantial profits, and maintain indepedence 

 and true dignity, by good cultivation. 



Scanty crops offering no cheer to labor, it be- 

 comes laggard and faint; large crops stimulating la- 

 bor, it easily surmounts obstacles, burdens lighten, 

 it becomes pleasure. F. Holbrook. 



Brattleboro', Yt., Sept. 5, 1850. 



Albany Culticatar. 



Something New. — A new article of boots and 

 shoes has just come up in England. It is called 

 the Pannas-Corium, or leather cloth, and was in- 

 vented by a person named Hall. The material is 

 cotton, but ha-s the mass and general appearance ol' 

 leather, and receives a polish from ordinary black- 

 ing and in the same way. It is used only for the 

 npper, the sole being leather. It is said to be as 

 durable as leather, never cracks or splits, and pcs- 

 Besses the advantage of not drawing the foot. 



TO RAISE WATER BY THE SYPHON. 



Messhs. Editors: — Seeing in my ''Farmer" for 

 November, your letter of inquiry from Joseph 

 Briggs, of Willet, IS. Y., respecting syphons, to- 

 gether with the answer of the editor, I take the lib- 

 erty of offering j\Ir. B. the result of my experience 

 in the .syphon line. 



I have one in successful operation under the fol- 

 lowing circum.stances. Water is conve)Td to the 

 house, a distance of sixty-six rods, over a ridge of 

 land .sixteen feet high, in half inch lead pipe, No. 

 I. It is discharged four feet lower than the sur- 

 face of the water in the spring, and at the rate of 

 eighteen gallons per hour. The pipe is thin, and 

 had to be soldered in seven or eight places. I had 

 a vast deal of trouble and tribulation with it before 

 I got it tight, but it now works so beautifully, that 

 I am satisfied. The whole question turns on this 

 point. Syphons will continue to work, provided 

 they are perfectly tight, and that there is a moder- 

 ate amount of fall from the surface of the water in 

 the well to the place of delivery. Water is raised 

 in a syphon on the same principle that it is in the 

 suction pump, and may be elevated to the same 

 height, to wit, thirty-two feet. The ohjtciion to 

 raising it very high in a s^iihon is that air sepa- 

 rates from water when thus raised, and the higher 

 it is drawn the more. It is essential that there 

 should be sufficient current to carry out this air as 

 fast as it is evolved, otherwise it would accumulate 

 and stop the water. Four feet of fall answers the 

 purpo.se in my case, but I do not believe that much 

 less than that v.ould do. The amount of fall re- 

 quired depends, of course, on the length of the sy- 

 phon. 



Small beads of air issue from my pipe along with 

 the water every minute or two, to ascertain the 

 quantity of which, I collected them by means of a 

 l)ottle of water and funnel inverted over the mouth 

 of the pipe in the tub, and found the quantity to be 

 one-half pint in twenty-four hours, or the bulk df 

 one ounce of water to every fifty-four gallons. 



I at first constructed, at a cost of some money and 

 a great deal of labor, an apparatus similar to that 

 described in Ewbank"s Hydraulics, for taking out 

 the air at the summit, but I found it entirely unnec- 

 essary, nay worse than useless, and I have taken it 

 out and have now only a plain pipe. 



At one time despairing of getting the syphon to 

 work, I procured a ram and applied it, but the sup- 

 ply of water not 1 eing sufficient to keep it going, 1 

 made another examination of the places where the 

 pipe was joined together, and fortunately discovereti 

 the cause of all the trouble I had had, which was an 

 imperfection in the soldering; as soon as that wBi* 

 reconciled, I had no further use for the ram. 



With your permission I will make the following 

 suggestions. If you do not wish to convey the wa- 

 ter more than thirty rods, and if you have six feet 

 or more of fall, I would recommend to use hea^vv' 

 three-eighths pipe, and if pos.«ible have it all in one 

 piece. I think you can procure it so by ordering 

 it from the manufacturer. It will deliver an abun- 

 dant supply of water for any farm, will cost lesi* 

 and be le^s liable to get out of order than pipe oJ' 

 larger calibre. You are probably aware that the 

 longer a tube is, the le*^8 water will pa.^s thrr-ugh it 

 m a given time aj;d with tlie same amount of fall, 

 fn my case, half irorh pip<? is not too large. To 

 avoid raising the wat^r. I v-ould dig tlie ditch four 

 feet deep, or inoro, at thu summit, if the nature of 



