112 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



Fig. 7 represents a land-side elevation, and Fig. 

 8 a plan of stubble plough, No. 37. There is a 

 larger size, No. 38, adapted to deeper work than 

 the plough here represented. The surface line. 

 Fig. 7, shows the position of this plough in a seven 

 inch furrow. The handles are of good length, 

 though shorter than those of the No. 72 plough; 

 the beam is high and arching; it is mounted with a 

 short draft-rod and a dial-clevis, adapted to give 

 the plough a wide range, both in landing and earth- 

 ing. The perpendicular height from the base line 

 to the under side of the beam, immediately forward 

 of the standard, is seventeen inches, which enables 

 the plough to make its way among rank stubble, 

 corn-stalks, &c., without choking. The fin-cutter 

 is an excellent point in this plough. By making 

 an easy, clean cut from the land, the furrow is not 

 encumbered with clods of earth rolling down from 

 the land-side, as they are apt to do where the fur- 

 row is torn from the land by the breast of the plough. 

 The fin-cutter also lightens the draught of the 

 plough. Fig. 8 shows the form of the mould-board, 

 the position of the beam over it, and the position of 

 the land-side. 



Fig. 9 is a pretty good representation of the work 

 of this plough in stubble or old land. It is notice- 

 able that the furrows are nicely laid for the recep- 

 tion of the seed grain; that the furrow-slice is all 

 taken up and forced over to an inverted position 

 and there it stays; and that the furrow-channel is 

 entirely cleaned out for the reception of the next 

 furrow. It is impossible, however, to represent 

 these practical matters exactly on paper; we can 

 only represent them generally. 



Fig. 10 represents the work of an approved sward 

 plough in stubble furrows. It is not broad and full 

 enough at the heel to clean out the furrow-channel. 

 Then, too, after the furrow-slice has reached the 

 perpendicular position, there is not force enough in 

 the mould-board to compel the slice to go over to 

 its proper place, and as there is not cohesion enough 

 in the slice to hold it together, a portion rolls one 

 way, and a portion the other. The centre of the 

 furrow on top is therefore the highest, the furrow- 

 channel is half filled up, and the work generally 

 will not compare with that done by the stubble 

 plough No. 37. The stubble plough No. 37 would 



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not make nice work in sward-furrows; it would 

 break them too much. 



Fig. 11 represents an elevation and Fig. 12 a 

 plan of the new sward plough for moist adhesive 

 soils. There is another size, for farrows nine in- 

 ches deep, of the same general form and proportions 

 with the one here represented. The handles. Fig. 

 11, are long and raking, the beam is high, giving 

 a space of seventeen inches forward of the coulter, 

 and the plough is mounted with a Scotch clevis, 

 tlie adjustment for earthing being represented in 

 Fig. 11, and that for landing in Fig. 12. The gen- 

 eral outline of tlie mould-board is very well repre- 

 resented in Fig. 12. The share is narrow, the 

 wedrre-power great, and the back part of the mould- 

 board is adapted to place the furrow-slice exactly 

 at an angle of 45^ before leaving it. The land side 

 is perpendicular, and the coulter stands in a range 

 with it. 



In considering the forms and proportions of a 

 plough best adapted to the working of stiff heavy 

 soils, Messrs. R., N., M & Co. have thought that 

 plough the best that will cut a perfectly rectangular 

 furrow, whose depth is to its width as two is to 



three, and lay it at an angle of 45°. The ploughs 

 for stiff lands that they now offer the public, are 

 adapted to work as above specified. They combine 

 the best working properties of the celel)rated Scotch 

 plough invented by Small, with the lightness and 

 cheapness of the American plough. The lines of 

 scale from which these mould-boards are fashioned, 

 give the mould-boards a slightconvexity of surface, 

 which is considered an advantage in the working 

 of tenacious, unyielding soils; but the lines may 

 be varied to straight lines for medium soils, or to 

 concave lines for light sandy soils. The line of 

 transit for the upper edge of the furrow-slice, is 

 adapted to the delivery of the slice with an unbroken 

 crest. The mould-board presents a uniform resist- 

 ance to the furrow-slice, and willl)righten uniform- 

 ly over the entire surface, however tenacious the 

 soil may be. 



Fig. 13 represents the action of this plough in 

 seven inches deep by ten inches \vide. The plough 

 enters the ground very easily, a good hinge is pre- 

 served upon which to raise the furrow slice to its 

 perpendicular position, the back part of the mould- 

 board lays the slice at an angle of 45*^ before leav- 



