NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



143 



proportion between the root, and the tenacity of life; 

 — i. e., the less the tenacity of life the greater 

 should be the root. — Rural Ncw-Yurkcr. 



PHOFITABLE COWS. 



Mr. H. D. Rood, of East Sheffield, in this coun- 

 ty, sends us the amount of the butter and cheese he 

 has made the past season from twelve cows — three 

 of them three year old heifers. 



1957 pounds of cheese, which was sold for 7 1-2 

 cents per lb. - - - - $371,77 



4379 1-2 lbs. of butter, 18c. - - 248,31 



The whey Mr. R. values at $3,50 per cow, 12,00 

 The calves, and milk and cream used in 



a family of six persons, _ - - 18,00 



Maldng a total of - - $080,08 



This divided among the twelve cows, gives 



for each, . . . - _ $56,67 



Several things worthy of note are connected with 

 this statement. 



In the first place, the cows themselves. We have 

 no knowledge as to the size, breed, or any of that 

 thing, but one fact stands out in bold relief — they 

 were good cows. In some conversation with Mr. 

 Rood two years since, bespoke in the highest terms 

 of Guenon's criterion for determining a good cow — 

 the escutcheon marks; that the knowledge he had 

 obtained from Guenon's book, was worth hundreds 

 of limes the co.st of it. We should like to know 

 whether this lot of cows was selected on this prin- 

 ciple. 



Again, There is something besides cows here. 

 We liave not the pleasure of knowing Mrs. Rood, 

 or whether there is such a lady, but somebody has 

 taken very good care of the milk after the cows had 

 done their part, or the cheese would not have 

 brought 7 1-2 cents per lb. 



We add three questions for the boys and girls in 

 our farmer's families to ciplier out this summer. 



1st. How much more would twelve such cows 

 cost than twelve poor ones? 



2d. How much more would it cost a year to keep 

 them ? 



3d. How much more would it cost to make the 

 butter and cheese so as to bring 7 1-2 and 18 cents 

 per lb. than to make it so that the buyer would get 

 shaved if he paid 5 for the cheese and 12 1-2 for 

 the butter ! — Culturist and Gazette. 



turn up the subsoil at once to the influence of the 

 atmosphere, or whether it is best to break into it 

 well first, hy shifting the surface soil, and allowing 

 the subsoil to remain and receive — first the bene- 

 ficial influence of the atmosphere, and then — at the 

 trenching, a portion of the subsoil may be saft ly 

 stirred up and mixed with the surface soil; this 

 practice continued for every succeeding crop, will 

 establish a healthy fertilizing surface soil to any 

 desired depth. 



If repeated stirrings of the surface are adopted, 

 according to the nature of the soil and weather, 

 every growing crop will continue in healthy luxu- 

 riance, without ever sulfering by receiving injury 

 from too much moisture, drought, or frost. In ad- 

 dition, by constantly scarifying, hoeing, and forking 

 the surface soil, not only obnoxious insects and their 

 larvaj are expelled, but weeds would never make 

 their appearance, much less have a chance of com- 

 mitting their accustomed robbery of the soil and 

 crops. Besides, by such repeated stirring, the soil 

 is always prepared, sweet and healthy, for succeed- 

 ing crops — no mean consideration, either when we 

 observe the loss of time and produce occurring to 

 such a ruinous extent in some localities, by allow- 

 ing weeds to rob and choke the growing crops, and 

 to shed their seeds, productive of a progeny simi- 

 larly injurious to the crops next in rotation. 



The application of manure is most essential, and 

 may be applied most beneficially wlien the soil is 

 established in a healthy condition, and maintained 

 thus by a constant attention to surface-stirring Yet 

 the application of manure is a secondary considera- 

 tion; for though it may be very liberally applied, 

 and with considerable expense, yet, without first 

 insuring the healthiness of the soil, much property 

 and labor will be sacrificed. — Cottage Garcluitr. 



MANAGEMENT OF SOILS. 



A soil would never get exhausted, if managed 

 with skill, hut would continue to improve in depth 

 and fertility in proportion to the industry bestowed 

 upon it. The food of plants, it is true, may be ex- 

 hausted from the soil by a repetition of cropping 

 with any one family of plants, if we neglect the ap- 

 plication of such fertilizers as may have been ta- 

 ken from the soil by that family; but no part of the 

 growing season is required for the soil to rest, or 

 lie fallow, if judiciously managed by a successive 

 varying of the crops, or by supplying to tiiem such 

 food as may be a compensation for what has been 

 taken oif by the previous crop. The first object to 

 be attained for securing a certain and profitable re- 

 turn of produce from the soil must be the rough 

 drainage; the next object is, breaking into the sub- 

 soil to the desired depth — not without first consid- 

 ering whether it is proper and profitable to shift or 



NSW ENGLAND SOCIETY 

 FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF DOMESTIC FOULTRY. 



At the annual meeting of this society at the Stale 

 House, on Wednesday evening, the following ofll- 

 cers were chosen for the coming year: — President, 

 Moses Kimball of Boston. Vice 'Presidents — Mas- 

 sachusetts — J. C. Bennett of Plymouth,G. P. Burn- 

 ham of Melrose; Rhode Island — W. S. King and 

 .]. Giles of Providence; Maine — A H. GiJman, 

 Moses Sweat; New Hampshire — 11. C. Parker, 

 C. H. Tufts; Vermont— S. E. Robbins, N. T. 

 Sheafe; Connecticut — C. H. Pendleton, S. O. 

 Hatch. Treasurer — H L. Devereux of Dedhani. 

 Rccoreling Secretary — .T. C. Moore of Boston. Cor- 

 responding Secretary — Wm. Plummer. Trustees 

 — Eben Wight, B. W. Balch, Frank Howe, .John 

 Russell, T. E. Chickerinir, A. A. Andiews, E.G. 

 Kelley, Francis Blake, Edward Carnes, Jr. 



The meeting elected the above by a nearly unan- 

 imous vote. A resolution expi-cssive of thanks to 

 the late President, Col. Samuel Jaques, of Ten 

 Hills Farm, for his exertions during iiis past term 

 of office, was unanimously passed. The Treasur- 

 er's report shows a balance in favor of the Society 

 of $202.— 7V«iv7/cr. 



World's Fair. — The emperor of Russia has 

 commissioned his agents to purchase every model 

 at the Great Exposition, which may be useful to 

 Russian manufiu'tures. A letter from St. Peters- 

 burg announces that the emperor intends to spend 

 10,000,000 silver rubles in such purchases. 



