NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



231 



more heat becomes transmitted through it to the 

 parts it envelops. 



Havino; thus assured myself of the conducting 

 power of heat of the hoof, I now sought to ascer- 

 tain ihe amount of heat it was capable of transmit- 

 ting to the living tissues enclosed by it, as well as 

 the degree of heat required to produce burning. 



Before, however, I proceed to give an account of 

 these experiments, I wish to show the anatomical 

 structure of the parts situated underneath the sole 

 and the crust, and particularly of those subjacent 

 to the points of junction between these two parts 

 of the hoof. 



When, through maceration, the horny sole has 

 become detached from the parts beneath it, we come 

 upon the sub-ungular tissue which Lafosse and 

 Bourgclat have named the fleshy sole; and which 

 our honorable president, M. Girard, has designated, 

 after Malpighi, reticular tissue, upon whose surface 

 we observe numerous slender prolongations, fili- 

 form, which have gone under the names o^ fibres, fil- 

 aments, villosities, and in l^ter times papillcc. Now, 

 those villosities or papite, which, on account of 

 their vasculo-nervous organization, I shall denomi- 

 nate villo-papilla, are extremely numerous over the 

 entire surface of the reticular tissue, and particu- 

 larly around the circumferent border of the coffin 

 bone, where they come opposite to the parts burnt 

 by the hot shoe. These villo-papilla;, extremely 

 important to be known, and which even up to the 

 present hour authors have not described with suffi- 

 cient minuteness, vary from four twenty-fifths to 

 six twenty-sixths of an inch in length throughout 

 the entire circumference of the fleshy soil. 



Another very remarkable disposition, as it re- 

 gards hot shoeing, and one which has not, that ] 

 know of, been pointed out, is that every plait of the 

 laminated tissue, before it terminates in the circum- 

 ferent border where it unites with the velvety tis- 

 sue of the sole, sends olf numerous papillae in digits 

 or teats of no more than four twenty-fifths to six 

 twenty-sixths of an inch in length. 



BLASTING ROCKS. 



Blasting rocks by the old process consists in mak- 

 ing holes in a proper spot by using a heavy iron bar, 

 of which the strokes produce the desired effect; the 

 hole then is cylindrical and rather conical, being 

 wider at the top by the friction of the rod bar 

 against its sides. The power has not then all the 

 effect which it could have, and never can be used 

 in large quantity. A process used with full suc- 

 cess, is this: a deep hole is first made in the above 



and patented by Messrs. Bowers, Challinors & 

 Wooliscraft, of the Staffordsliire Potteries. These 

 brick, or rather they are a kind of pottery ware, 

 are made, the Scientific American says, from a 

 mixture of clay and other ingredients, calculated to 

 vitrify with the clay. They can be painted and 

 grained with the utmost facility, so as to imitate 

 any kind of oak, rose, satin, or other woods, or 

 sculptures in stone, or be gilded without injuring 

 the brilliancy of the gold leaf. They may supply 

 the place of wood carving in architectural decora- 

 tion, and, from their fire-proof nature, add to the 

 safety of the buildings. 



Flexible Ivory. — M. Charriere, a manufactur- 

 er of surgical instruments in Paris, has for some 

 time been in the habit of rendering flexible the 

 ivoiy which he uses in making tubes and other in- 

 struments. After giving the ivory the desired 

 form and polish, he steeps it in hydro-chloiic acid 

 diluted with water, when it becomes flexible, elas- 

 tic, and of a slight yellow color. In the course of 

 drying, the ivory becomes hard and inflexible, but 

 its flexibility can at once be restored by wetting it 

 with a wet sponge; some pieces of ivory have been 

 kept in a flexible state, in the acidulated water, 

 for a week without being either too much softened 

 or injured in the texture. — Scientific American. 



£ai)ics' pcfiartmcut. 



WOMAN'S SPHSRE. 



Since the first settlement of America, there 

 never has been a period when women were in so 

 much danger of sinking into a state of mental and 

 bodily weakness, as at the present. The first set- 

 tlement of the country called for all the strength 

 and heroism that could be developed in human 

 hearts. The women who shared the lot of the pil- 

 grims, met this demand with a moral grandeur sel- 

 dom equalled in human history. They grew 

 strong — strong to do, strong to endure. 



They communicated to their daughters their own 

 glorious spirits, theirown wide and exalted sphere. 

 The revolution came, and these children and 

 grand-children of the pilgrim stock boldly thought 

 and acted as though they had a deep and glorious 

 interest in the whole sphere of humai> rights and 

 duties. 



When, in accordance with the then acknowl- 

 edged duty of self defence, the heroes of "76 buckled 

 manner, then a glass tube is inserted, and strong on their knapsacks and shouldered their rusty mus- 

 sulpiiuric acid mixed with a small portion of water jkets, the wives and daughters assumed the respon- 

 is poured in; the acid dissolves part of the stone; sibility of directing all the concerns at honrie. — 



the sulphate is then extracted, and the bottom 

 washed by sending down some water, which is 

 pumped out by any means whatever; this operation 

 is repeated as many times as is necessary to pro- 

 duce at the bottom of the hole a kind of pouch, 

 which is well dried by using rags or anything sim- 

 ilar. This pouch is then filled with powder by 

 the common process of ramming, and then blasted. 

 The quantity of powder being as large as it may 

 seem necessary, permits to blow up, with a single 

 charge, as much as with ten of the old process, and 

 to have larger blocks, if desired. 



Orxamental Bricks.— a style of ornamental 

 bricks has recently been introduced into England, 



They even tilled the ground, in many instances, 

 and harvested its fruits, while the husband and his 

 sons contended with the sword for freedom. 



They were politicians too, and thought and 

 spoke with glorious independence upon the subject 

 of human rights. 



When that period had expired, there were wast- 

 ed fortunes to repair; the demands of a young 

 and rising State must be met with honor, and there 

 was no room to spare woman then from a generous 

 participation in all tlie cares and duties of humani- 

 ty, Her sphere, if not the same as that of her 

 husband's, must at least be parallel. 



As soon as the land was fairly established in its 

 prosperity, the fever of emigration seized the muK 



