54 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



Sept.8,18'3<;. 



NEW ENCjtLAND EAiviVlEii, . York, the iijIU to open a direct canal commuiiica _ 



: ' i tion tor ships, from tlie Atlantic to the Pacifii 



BOSTON, FRIDAV, SEPT. 6, l!«t;. I ocean, throug-h the river San' Juan, and the lak. 



Nicaragua, with the privilege of an exclusive navi 

 gation for twenty years. This important grant wa 



DOMESTIC ANIMA),S IN FRANCE. 



The French farmers devote too much of their 

 attention to the cultivation oTgrain, and not enough 

 to raising domestic animals. The consequence is 

 that a country which might export provisions to 

 other markets, does not supply its own, but imports 

 every year products of the animal kingdom to the 

 ainountof 8 or 9 millions of dollars. In 16:J5 horses 

 to the value of 8),4'>JI',0U0 (7 J millions of francs) 

 were imported into France ; " We iiave to resort 

 to foreign countries," says the Bulletin, " to mount 

 our cavalry." In the same year the importation 

 of horned-cattle, more than half cows, was $1,530,- 

 000; swine and sheep $1,51.5,000; wool .$1,750,- 

 000 ; cheese $800,000 ; butter .f225,000, &c. The 



Bulletin states as proofs of the insufficiency of ani- .„ .,,,,. 41 •, „„i „ „i -- 



„ .^^ J . yet green, and if possiolc before their seeds are .„i,|. flnon „„„«•■„„ this country Anattemntwi 



mals in France, that 20 millions of acres arpens) •'. = , . ,' , 'l , i„ 1; „ „„. w"^" """" ™en irom uiis country, .(in autrnpi, w, 



' Vr„__' tripe, dried and put under cover. Indian corn ! u„ „„ j„ ,„„,i .innl.t pss a snrressfu onpi to n 



WINTER FOOD FOR CATTLE. 

 We learn from various. parts of the country that i °]jtainJ>] recently from the government of Guate 

 there is a great deficiency of fodder for cattle— ^^■^^ through the presence of Col. Williauis, ou 

 that the drought and grasshoppers have reduced minister, by Col. De Beneski, agent fur the coir 

 the crops of hay, on an average throughout New ; p^^y^ ^.j,,, arrived in this country, after havia 

 England, to less than one half the usual quantity. ! accomplished his purpose, early in the preset 

 It is therefore an important object to look out for j„(,„th^ ^nd who was recently in this city, 

 and collect, while there is time, such articles as j T|,g ^^.JjqIc extent of excavation, we are informei 

 may serve for substitutes for hay, and prevent a L^.j^ „oj exceed 17 miles, (the distance betsvce 



famine among cattle the winter approaching. 

 Weeds of every description, which are not no 



the lake and river,) which will require a lockaa 

 of 200 feet. The work is required to be comple 



ious, or poisonous to cattle, should be cut while gj ;„ jg months, and it is said will be commence 



10 millions of the peasantry live upon buck-wheat, 

 oats, potatoes and maise, and know not the use of 

 meat. The low state of agriculture in France is 

 attributed to the ignorance of the people. 



Some French proprietors have imported several 

 of the long wool sheep from England. This wool 

 is necessary for the manufacture of smooth stuffs, 

 as Bombazetts, &,c. The decce of these animals 

 furnishes 10 or 12 pounds of wool fit for combing. 



DAIRIES I.\ SWlTZERtANlJ. 



In some villages of Switzerland, the proprietors 

 of COWS form companies, and bring their milk to 

 one place, where it is made into cheese or butter. 

 A committee elected by the company, superintends 



should be cut up near the roots, as soon as the j j^in an act of incorporation of the legislature 

 ears have become hard, carefully cured, and every I fi^jg gt^te. The style of the company is " Tl 

 part of the plant which appears above ground, | Atlantic and Pacific Ocean Company." 

 should be converted into food for man or beast. — i -pji^ ^ggnj ^f ^^ English company was desiro 

 The cobs should be ground, or pounded, and cob j j^ obtain the grant, or to participate in the a 

 meal may be made a valuable auxiliary to the ■ vantages of it, and offered a large bonus for t 

 mean- of subsistence which we provide for cattle privilege ; but it is a source of gratification th 

 and sheep. It is a query with us, which we leave | the enterprise; skill and means of our own countt 

 for the consideration of the practical farmer, . ^on, have been charged with the execution of tl 

 « hether it might not be advisable even to pull up : tpuj^ grg^t undertaking. It can scarcely fail 

 the roots of Indian corn, wash and dry them, cut ■ i,e a source of wealth to the company, and advai. 

 them fine and mix them with other food for cattle, j ^gg to the whole commercial world. 



Cabbage stocks, and perhaps roots, cut with a ! ^ 



straw cutter, a sharp spade or some other imple- 1 Tlie Crops in J'irgiiiia. — We have seen, a? 

 ment, proper for the purpose, Avould furnish a great the Baltimore Chronicle, a gentleman who 1 



ceived, the cheese and butter returned, &c. If a 

 partner skims his milk, or adulterates it in any 

 way, he is immediately excluded from the company. 

 In the butter room, one man very easily keeps 

 four churn-dashers (battans) in motion by a sim- 

 ble pie?e of mechanism. The four dashers or beat- 

 ers are raised up and let down by segments of a 

 circle fastened to a horizontal, moveable cylinder. 



COKFEE. 



The ./Isiragalus Bmlicus, species of vetch or pea, 

 is cultivated in Sweden, where it is substituted 

 for coffee. From Sweden, it has been introduced 

 into Germany, where, it -has become an article of 

 commerce. It is commonly mixed with coffee in 

 the proportion of two thirds of these peas to one 

 third of coffee, whi,"h are burnt and ground togeth- 

 er. Each plant bears 200 pods with 10 peas each. 



SALT. 



A Danish agriculturist, who has applied salt as 

 a manure to cabbage and potatoes, is of opinion 

 that the increase of the crop does not compensate 

 the expense of the salt. 



SEA-WEED. 



Some of the isles of Denmark have made use of 

 sea-weed as a manure from time immemorial. The 

 peasants mix it with the manure of their barn 

 yards and hogpens ; sometimes they cover their 

 lands with it during the winter, and let the rains 

 and melted snovvs wash the saline particles into 

 the earth. 



In the department of Finesterre, on the coast of 

 Franco, near Brest, there is one of the most pro- 

 ductive districts in Europe ; wheat yields 25 times 

 ■the seed sown, barley 40, and rye 50 ; and other 

 crops are equally abundant. Thii fertility is the 

 effect of manuring plentifully with sea-weed, which 

 is cverv day brought to the shore by the waves. 



the manufacture, keeps an account of the milk re- 1 deal of nutritious matter. The haulm (tops or just returned from a visit to his friends in Virgin 



vines) of peas and beans, are useful for fodder, if he states that the crops of corn in the neighb' 

 dried without being too much bleached by wind ' hood of Woodstock and the adjoining county, li! 

 and weather. Mr Lisle, an old Engflish writer, re- never promised so fair as at present. Such 1 

 commends elm leaves, dried on the small branches the prospects of a prolific crop that one plan 

 as a great relief to cattle in winter. He says the ' had offered to deliver a large quantity of corn 

 cattle will eat them in preference to oats, and five shillings, Virginia money, per barrel, delive 

 thrive on them exceedingly. The leaves of beach ble at Winchester. 



and maple, and probably of others among our for- 1 



est trees, would, no doubt, be usef;;! foivthc same j ^rew-Fancuil Hall Market.— We understand 

 purpose. We should apprehend that oak leaves ' stalls of this Market are leased at the same i 

 would prove too bitter and astringent to answer well in proportion to the number of feet, that was f 

 for cattle-food. Potato-tops, dried, (if possible un- ^ f»r those in the old market. The leases of 3I 

 der cover,) are said to afford a solid and nourish- ' amount to §10,000, and those of the cellars to 

 ing aliment for hungry cattle. The tops of car- i 000 ; thus giving an annual income from the. 

 rots, beets, parsnips, and other garden vegetables, ' l^ir and lower floor of ,$25,000. The income fi 

 should be carefully dried' and preserved for fodder, the chambers and from the wharf is not yetr 

 In short, almost all vegetable substances, which certainod. The sum of $100,000 has been offe- 

 contain no poisonous quality, and which can be re- ; for the purchase of the wharf, and refused, 

 duced to a state which will enable cattle to masti- 

 cate and swallow them will serve as substitutes, 

 more or less valuable, for those plants, which en- 

 ter into the composition of what we call hay. — 

 They should be cut fine with a straw cuttei;, or 

 some other suitable implement, and those which 

 are least palatable mixed with those which are 

 most toothsome. The messes should be sprinkled 

 with a little salt-water, when administered, and 

 we should guess that even pumpkin, squash, and 

 melon vines, well cured and given in that way 

 would serve for cattle-food during a sharp frost. 



A London paper, speaking of their fruit market, 

 pleasantly remarks : " the magnificent size of the 

 fruit produced by our recent improvements in hor- 

 ticulture, no longer leaves it a proverb, to make 

 tii'o bites of a cherry." 



A GREAT ENTERPRISE. 



The Government of Guatemala has granted to 



A. H. Palmer, Esq. and others of the city of New 



There were 31,812 barrels of flour made>ii,[ 

 Fly's Mills, Rochester, during last year, 

 quantity made in the village for the same perirt jfj 

 estimated at 1,50,000 barrels. 



The United States Gazette contends that a fljl 

 ly may be well supported in Philadelphia tw 

 five per cent less than in any other city ia' 

 Union. 



The quantity of rain which fell during the 

 of August was eleven and a half inches. 

 fell during six hours, on the 14th, than in! 

 whole month of July. i' 



Ireland. — The editor of the Cork Chronicle 

 "The accounts of distress in this city, which 

 us every moment, are of a description to hai 

 the feelings of the most obdurate. There 

 this instant in the city of Cork, families u'hichi 

 110! lusted a morsel of food for two days am 

 )?iV'i«'." 



