130 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



Nov. 17. 182H. 



limbs. Or if the horse should chance to go kindly, 

 the rider continues the exercise till the horse is 

 fatigued, discouraged and injured. 



" Instead of tliis mad management, the way 

 practised in the older countries should be adopted. 

 Let a horse fiist of all be tamed with the bridle, 

 by leading him again and again ; in the first place 

 after, or by the Side of another horse ; and after 

 lie walks well, bring hira to trot after his leader. 

 In tlie ne.Kt place, [lut on the saddle, and lead him 

 in that time after time. Then lay a small weight 

 on the saddle, and if he be apt to start, fasten it, 

 that it rnay not be flung off, increasing the weight 

 from time to time, till he learns to carry what is 

 equal to man's weight. Lastly, let a man gently 

 m.ount him, wliile another holds him by the bridle, 

 and fi.x himself firmly in the saddle. The place of 

 riding is recommended to be a ploughed field. — 

 Let liim thus be ridden with a horse going before 

 him, till he learns the use of the bit, and will stop, 

 or go forward at pleasure of the rider, and with- 

 out the application of much force. Being exercis- 

 ed in this manner a k\v timeu, and treated with all 

 possible gentleness, there will be no more occa- 

 sion for leading him. He will go well of himself; 

 and be thoroughly brolicn, without so much as giv- 

 ing him one blow, and without danger or fatigue 

 to the horse or his rider. And, what is much to 

 be regarded, the horse's spirits will be preserved, 

 though he be sufficiently tamed. In teaching a 

 horse to drav/, gentleness must be used. He 

 should be tried first in company with other horses, 

 wlic'thcr in carting or ploughing ; and the draught 

 should not be so heavy as to fret him or put him 

 to great e.xertion till he has learned to draw stead- 

 ily. After this he may be put to a pleasure car- 

 riage, but coupled with another rather than alone, 

 and to a sleigh rather than a chaise." 



Mr Lawrence says " In bringing young horses 

 into service, it is necessary to consider their age, 

 size and constitution. Small horses generally are 

 fit for labor at an earlier age than large ones, be- 

 cause they sooner acquire the e.xtent of their nat- 

 ural growth, and have their corporeal powers more 

 concentrated. A large raw-boned colt, with his 

 legs boldly formed, can never support much fa- 

 tigue, because he lias not only the mechanical dis- 

 advantage of the mal-position of his legs operating 

 against him, but also tlie bull; of his body being 

 disproportioned to iiis muscular strength, must 

 render his exertions inoro feeble, and less capable 

 of long duration ; an irritable habit of body will 

 also prove a great impediment. Colts of the blood 

 kind acquire strength comparatively at a much 

 earlier »ge, since it is customary to begin to race 

 them at two years old ; but their future growth is 

 considerably impeded by the violent treatment 

 which they undergo in training. On this account 

 (hey seldom arrive lo a large size. But this cir- 

 cumstance should be no cause of discouraging t)ie 

 breed of blood horses, for in their natural proper- 

 ties they are indubitably superior to all others. — 

 This superiority is not confined to internal or in- 

 visible causes only ; much of it arises from the in- 

 ternal conformation of the body. The mechanical 

 advantages which they derive from this source 

 consist in the great length of the quarters, and the 

 depth and capacity of their chests ; for in their 

 relative proportion with horses of an ordinary spe- 

 cies, they are stronger and possessed of greater 

 speed." 



COUNTY POOR HOUSE. 



In obedience to a law. of this state, the Supervi- 

 sors of this county, at their last annual meeting, 

 made provision for a County Poor House establish- 

 ment. 



A farm has been purchased, of very good land, 

 containing upwards of 100 acres, 'and cost 



.$1,808,84 



A substanti il brick building has been 

 erected thereon, which, together with the 

 wood furniture of the kitchen and dining 

 room, cost 3,000,00 



A barn, 30, by 40 feet, cost 115,00 



In the rear of the house, is a yard, 85 

 feet square, on one side of which is a two 

 ■jtory wood building the whole length, on 

 a stone foundation ; the first story for a * 

 wood-house, the second story for work 

 shops and store-house, witii fences on the 

 other sides 10 feet high, with gates ; and 

 a necessary building, 10 by 8 feet, with 

 stone vault 10 feet deep, with locks and 

 fastenings 



A bell, weight 70 pounds, and hanging 

 for same, 



The grounds in front, enclosed with a 

 neat fence, with red cedar posts, and 

 painted, 



Beds, and furniture for the house, stoves, 

 working tools, stock for the farm, farming 

 utensils, &c. estimated 



A well, and two pumps, estimated 



be felt, we believe, in diminishing the expenses of 

 supporting the poor, and in reducing the number ; 

 while their comfort will be greatly promoted — 

 thus combining economy and humanity by these 

 institutions. It will be seen, by tiie above imper- 

 fect statement, that heretofore the amount paid in 

 two years for the support of the poor in this county, 

 is more than sufficient to make permanent pro- 

 vision for them, without future taxation. Much 

 will depend, however, on the management of the 

 institution, to secure these happy results. 



[Ontario Repository.] 



From the Taunton Rtpurttr. 



50,00 

 40,00 



1,400,84 

 100,00 



A female in New York, whose hou.'^e is infested 

 with rats, has applied to the police for protection !! 



87,023,84 

 The buildings are calculated to acconamodate 

 one hundred persons. The farm has been in pos- 

 session of the keeper since the first of April last, 

 is much improved, and is yielding considerable 

 crops for the use of the establishment. 



William M'Clary, keeper, at an annual salary of 

 ,$300, and his support out of the establishment, 

 e.xcept foreign articles. A physician is not yet 

 appointed. 



The sum of $1500 was raised last year, and the 

 like sum is to be raised this year, for this object. 

 The expense of supporting the poor in this Coun- 

 ty the last year, was not less than f 5000, It is 

 estimated that the amount now received for ex- 

 cise, together with the labor of the paupers, and 

 produce of the farm, will be sufficient to .support 

 this establishment, and that no tax will be neces- 

 sary to Rustain it. 



The arrangement of the house is as follows: 

 No. 1. A large kitchen, with brick floor, ard con- 

 tains a cooking stove and boiler, and other 

 necessary furniture. 

 " 2. A large pantry and store room. 

 " 3. The dining room, 52 feet lona^ 

 " 4, 5 and C. Cells for the confinement of delin- 

 quents. 

 " 7, 8 and 9. Large wards for lodging, and will 



afford sufficient room for 100 men. 

 " 10. A Hospital for men. 

 "11. do for women. 



" 12, 13, 14 and 15. Rooms for insane per.'5ons. 

 Besides these rooms, the halls are so construct- 

 ed as to make work rooms for various branches. 

 On the east side of the building, are the keep- 

 er's apartments, consisting of three rooms, pantry 

 and bed room, affording sufficient accommodation 

 for his family. 



The benefits that will result to the counties, in 

 whicli poor houses may be established, will soon 



SUPPORT OF THE POOR. 



The plan of providing for the support of tiio 

 poor upon io\\x\ farms, originated but a few years 



ago, but has already been extensively adoptei! 



No instmce has been published of its havino- fail- 

 ed of any of the success anticipated. 



We are glad to be enabled to add that this town 

 at tiie town meeting, last week, authorised the 

 purchase of a farm, and that a farm has already 

 been purchased, upon which the poor are to be 

 placed and kept. The subjoined article from tlie 

 Worcester Yeoman, illustrates the success of this 

 150.00 I ™°'''^ °'" supporting the poor in tliat town, for some 

 years past. 



" It is now about nine years since the ialiabu- 

 ants of this town voted to purchase a farm, oir 

 which to support and employ their poor. This 

 measure, however, was not adopted without much 

 opposition, nor until after much discussion. 'J'he 

 tax for the support of the poor had become a seri- 

 ous item of the expenses of the town, havum 

 reached the sum of .$2000 annually. The advo- 

 cates of the measure thought it hijfh time to de- 

 vise means to arrest the progress of this increas- 

 ing tax, if not to diminish it ; and they were san- 

 guine in the belief that the measure proposed 

 would accomplisli their oliject. On the other hand 

 it was objected that the scheme' was visionary, 

 svould involve the town in debt, and leave a new 

 source of expense, rather than operate to diminish 

 those already existing. 



" The measure, however, was adopted. A firm, 

 containing 250<icres (more than one tliird of it, 

 however of unproductive land) was purchased at 

 about the sum of §2500. The buildings on it have 

 no peculiarity of structure which have rendered 

 them particularly adapted to the purpose of the 

 town. About .§700 have since been expended in . 

 repairs and improvements. On this farm all the \ 

 poor of the town are placed. They are uneTer the \ 

 immediate oversight and care of a superintendent, ' 

 who resides with his family at the house, and car- ' 

 ries on the business of the farm. For his and their \ 

 services he receives, in addition to their support, | 

 $■500 per year. The average number of the poor I 

 supported there is about twenty. A large proper- • 

 tioii of them, however, are either children or inva- 

 lids, so that all who are able to labor can be advan- 

 tageously employed on the farm. Those who labor ' 

 on the farm eat at the table with the superintend- ' 

 ent, and fare as well as farmers generally ; those i 

 who do not labour are well provided for, "but are \ 

 supplied with lighter food than the former. „' 



" At the present time the labor of the paupers, 

 together with that of the superintendent and his 

 son, (about 19 years of age) is sufficient for the bu- 

 siness of the farm, except in the busiest of the hay 

 season, when some additional labour has been ne- 



