-\o. I: 



NEW ENGLAND PAUlVlEII. 



141 



rm; uoads under tiik thames. 



lie npprouclxes to the roads will be bj' circular 

 ;ents. I'he (limcnsions of the Roiiils are about 



pt in broailth, and y 5 feet in height. The ex- 

 ilors are clcfended from any falling- of earth, 



by workiuj^ in fran'.os conslructed so as to fill 

 wiiolo body of the tunnol. These frames are 



'■1 into cells, and 30 men are thus m;ulo to 

 on the excavation with p.rfect saCfty and 



■;n i-olerity. As fast as the e >.rth is oxcavat- 



its proper diuiensions, the brick layers follow 



cdiistrucl the arch which forms the Roads. — 



■ aro now passing through a very strnnp; blue 



u hit h almost assumes the (jualities of pipe 



;iii(l is equally capable of resistiuff water. — 

 stratum of clay is supposed to rise twelve 



above the top of the archway ; so that all i 

 .,'lits of misi-arriage from any inundation are j 



k'tely sot at rest. 



the question is frequently asked, how wide 

 e river Thames at the spot where the tunnel 

 nstructcd under that river, we ;.re enabled to, 



that it is thirteen hundred feet. There are | 

 roads to be constructed under the bed of the i 



; one passing to and the other from London; 

 they are to he connected by passages. The 



; subterranean region which has at this time 



eded 170 feet, is well lighted witli gas. 



London paper. 



.lASSACHUSETTS STATE PRISON. 

 )in the .Annual Report of the .30th September, 

 it appears that the balance in favor of earn- 

 o; the convicts over and above the ordinary 

 ices of the prison is $9,719 17 cents. Of this 

 nt, .■?5,.521 80 has been paid on account of 

 leu- stone sheds, and of the new prison, leav- 

 balance in favor o\ the Prison of S4,197 87. 

 uiiiiibcr of coniicts on the 30th Septeinber, 

 i|:!, who were thus employed — 105 stone 

 •s, 'JI lumpers, 35 cabinet rnikers, 26 brush 

 rs, () white smiths and tinmen, 3 shoemakers, 

 per plate printer, 7 coopers, 10 weavers, 5 

 smiths, 5 cobblers, 13 tailors, 8 oakum pick- 

 cooks 10 washers'and waiters, 3 barbers, 28 

 e new prison, and 8 on the new sheds — 10 j 

 in the hospital, an 1 2 confined in the cells — 

 the convicts are black or colored, and 56 are 

 foroi!jners,of which 15 are English, 16 Irish, 

 tch, 4 French. 



From the JVew York Statesman. 



MANUFACTURI.NG BLUE, VITRIOL 



consumption of blue vitriol has increased to 



an e.Ktont as to make it necessary that it 



be manufactured in the cheapest possible 



er, in order that our artists should be able to 



■tp successfully with those of other nations, 



duciiig those dies and coloured piji-ments, in 

 I this salt forms a necessary ingredient. 

 e vitriol, according to the analysis of Mr 

 :t, is composed of 33 parts of oil of vitriol, 3? 



of oxide of copper, and 35 parts of water. In 

 )e this salt is often obtained from the miner 

 ters of copper mines, but more g-enerally by 

 ng the native sulphurets of copper, or by 

 ening that substance and exposinsj it to th' 



By either of the two last methods the sul 

 is acidified, and the sulphate of copper form- 



e vitriol has hitherto been made in this coun- 

 ■ectly from dilutci' oil of \i;riol,and ol ' cop 

 This is an expensive process, as the thirty- 



I two pounds of copper nccosstiry to produce one 

 I hundred pounds of the salt, costs more than both 

 , the materials and the expense of making, when 

 I produced from the. native ore, recourse, therefore, 

 should be had to the sulphurets wherever they can 

 I he found. 



^ My object in ofP.^ring this essay is to make 



l;nown to our m.infticluring chemists where this 



raw nrntorial may be found, and I believe, from 



[ tlie facts that came under my notice about sixteen 



I years since, to an unlimited extent. There are, 



; no doubt, many ot ;er mines of the s-mie mineral in 



the country, and I hope they will be made known, 



or worked-, by those who are acquainted with their 



locality. 



About seventeen years since, two Englishmen 

 undertook to open a mine at Parkioming, about 

 twenty -five miles west of Philadelphia, which they 

 considered from the surface appearances, would 

 turn out to be lead. 'I'hey sunk seven or eight 

 pits on the surface, about ten yards from each oth- 

 er, in a longitudinal direction, the greater nnm- 

 her struck on the vein, w!iere they found carbon- 

 ates of load and copper, am! the only specimens of: 

 molvbdatc of lead ever discovered in this country. 

 After one of the party enga ed in the work re- 

 signed, the other sunk a shaft to the south of the 

 vein, of about thirty feet, at whicli depth he run 

 on to the vein, and on cutting' it found it to be sul- 

 phuret of copper instead of lead. The ore appea.-- 

 ed to be about ten or twelve inches thick, in a 

 vein, filled up vvith such minerals as usually accom- 

 pany copper ore, of three feet diameter. The 

 floor find roof were regular, underlying in an an- 

 gle of 60 desrs. The direction of the vein was the 

 most favourable for an extensive product, of any 

 that has come under my notice in this country ,and 

 there can he no doubt, ofits .ifFording an immense 

 quantity of the best materials for making blue vit- 

 riol. 



At the time this mine was opened, there was 

 but little demand for blue vitriol, in this country, 

 and the land carriage to Philadelphia, was twenty- 

 five miles; at this time the dcmnnd. owing to the 

 great increase of the arts and manufactures, for 

 this article is immense, and the water communica- 

 tion the whole di-tance by the Schuylkill canal. 

 Therefore, there can be no donht. that any person 

 or persons who may vest canital in working the 

 mine, with a view to make blue vitriol, would re- 



ON THE CULTURE OF THE POTATO. 



Much has been written in your valuable paper 

 ujion the cultivation oftho Irish potato. As every 

 thing relating to this valuable root is worth atten- 

 tion, I give you the practice of Mr Heflebower, 

 living near me, which 1 have adopted with com- 

 plete success this season. He selects the poorest 

 spots in his fields, ploughs them well in Novem- 

 ber or December, and in the month of March 

 plants his potatoes in drills two feet apart and two 

 inches deep; then covers the whole ground with 

 wheat or other straw, from eight to twelve inch- 

 es tliick, fifteen will -riot he too much, tor the po- 

 tatoes will make their way through. This keeps 

 the ground cool and moist, prevents the growth of 

 grass and weeds, saves the labour of ploughing 

 and weeding, ai.d greatly improves the land. Mr 

 Heflebower last year made an abundant crop, 

 whilst every other person in this neighbourliood 

 failed. To him they have been indebted the last 

 spring for seed potatoes for miles around. 



^Im. Farmer. Yours, &c. A. R. 



PEDESTRIANISM. 

 Walter Woods, who lately performed tv.'o mile? 

 in ten minutes, over a part of Epsom race course, 

 started, on Tuesday, December 9, at four o'clock, 

 to go on foot from L( ndon Bridge to Eye, in Sus- 

 sex, and back, in forty-eight hours, the distance 

 126 miles, over a hilly country. The pedestrian 

 is five feet in heisjht, and weighs nine stone. His 

 first start was to Seven Oaks-Common, 24 miles, 

 in four hours, where he ate a boiled fowl, and rest- 

 ed an hour. He dined oft' mutton chops at Hawk- 

 hurst, Kent, (40 miles,) at three o'clock ; laid down 

 two hours and resumed his journey leisurely. — 

 He rested at Rye. at nine in the evening, and re- 

 turned back to Sandhurst, where he slept four 

 hours, and left himself the remaining fifty miles to 

 do in sixteen hours. He reached Seven Oaks, at 

 eight o'clock on the Wednesday evening, and 

 finally won the match, without much. fatigue, with 

 twenty minutes to spare. The match is consider- 

 ed equal to 75 miles per day on picked ground. — 

 It was for 100 sovereigns. 



From Memoirs i(f the JV. I'. Board of ^igricuHurr, 



LIME IN AGRICULTURE. 

 J. BuKi., Esq. — I received your favor of the 16lh 

 of November, requesting information as to the ef- 

 alize a large interest, and command the m-irket. fgcts of lime upon various soils,— the methods of 



PUBLICOLA. 



HOGS. 



Too often we he^r that ho?s will not gain ; and 

 that brimstone has been inofTectually used to bring j Oil, 

 them to appetite. We must, before conderana 



tion, know facts. If we wish them to gain 3 Ihs. I pel me to confine my remarks principally to the 

 per day, this is not done by criving more than their sphere of my practice and personal observation. 



its application, — its duration as a manure, — on 

 what crops most useful, and on what remotely, — 

 the quantity applied, and at what intervals repeat- 

 the price, &c. A want of confidence in my 

 ability to answer these queries suitably, « ill com- 



appetites require. Hogs, like the epicure, wish 

 their meals tliree times each day ; and are not 

 fond of meals of mince meat, or what may be cook 

 ed over twice or thrice. When the season freez- 

 es, whii was left at one repast they do not readi- 

 ly find an appetite to devour. We should have 

 for hofs. their dry lodqrintjs. clean e.iting rooms, 

 ind middle rooms. Those who attend to such ad- 

 vice, will not be losers. In f'-edint; hosrs, 1 .al'vays 

 'im careful that of the mi!k from cows, slop from 

 ♦he kitchen : but in nurticulnr the fish water on a 

 Saturday dinner ; and when the pot is boiled, the 

 horrg shonl.l always have a shnre. The pigs, to 

 he wintered over must be contented on a few f ar:i 

 of corn, and plenty of water. IN. H. Statesman.] 



The land which I cultivate, according to M' 

 Clure's treatise, is transition, composed of white 

 and yellow clay and lime-stone, much of the latter 

 appearing on the surface, intermixed with flint. Up- 

 on this soil I have made a liberal use of lime, ev- 

 er since the year 1790, and think I have been weli 

 rewarded for the expense and lahor,by the increas- 

 ed value of my crops. 



The method of applying the lime which I have 

 adopted in common with my neighbors is, in the 

 first place, to plough up a sod field with a strong 

 team: in the spring or fall, — harrow it the way it 

 is ploughed, and mark the field into as ms ny squares 

 ■as you intend to put on half-bushels, say 100 on 

 the acre, which will! bring the furrows about 20 



