•ol. V No. '>4 . 



NEW KrV(2LvVi\l) FAKMER. 



189 



tiiinlncss from loss of lilooii in cuUiny the 

 t, wliich is pructiseti in botli metiiods. Kvc- 

 Honie, in a valuable paper (Shrew. Rep. page 

 ) has sii_'gestotl a mooC of perforiiiing the op- 

 en, which would answer completely coiild we 

 ure of having oppriitors snfticiently skilful : 

 we may the less rejrret the difficulty ofjiettiny 

 modes established when we thus see the sii- 

 rily of an old custom under very improbable 

 umstancos ; and if well meant reformers want- 

 iny additional motives to care and circuinspec- 

 , a very fonible one is furnished in the in- 

 icc of the time and trouble taken to introduce 

 operation, and which, as it has been hitherto 

 tised, is the very reverse of what was intend- 



i 

 wish Modfit. The Mosaic law so strictly pro- I 

 ts tlie eating of bloo.l, that tlie Talmud con- 

 is a body of rcijulations concerning the killing 

 ardmals ; and the Jews, as a point of religion, 

 not eat the flesh of r.ny animal not killed by a 

 her of their own persuasion. Their method is 

 ;ie all the four feet of the animal tegether, bring 

 o the ground, and, turning its head back, to cut 

 throat at once down to the bone, with a long, 

 ■y sharp, but not pointed knife, dividing all the 

 ge vessels of the neck. In this way the blood 

 iischarged quickly and completely. The effect 

 indeed said to be so obvious, that seme Chris- 

 ns will eat no meat but what has been killed by 

 lew butcher. Calves, pies, sheep, and lambs, i 

 all killed by dividing at once the large vessels 

 the neck. j 



nimals which are killed by accident, as by ' 

 ng drowned, hanged, or froxnn. or by a fall, or 

 venous animal, are not absolutely unwhoiesome. i 

 iJced, they only differ from those killed metliml- 

 illy in not being bled, which is also the case : 

 til animals that are snared, and in those killed 

 hounds. Animals which die a natural deatft ; 

 ould never be eaten, as there are undeniable in- 

 iiices of disease, and even death being the con- 

 quence. 



Animals frequently undergo some prepnration 



jfore they are killed. They are commouli kept 



ithout food for some time, as if killed w.th full 



omachs their flesh is considered not to keep well. 



xen are commonly fasted for two or three days, 



nailer animals a day, but it is evident that the | 



actice must not be carried too far, as the oppo- ' 



te effect will be produced by the animal falling , 



5" or getting feverish. Dr Lister has stated that 



othing contributes more to the whiteness and 



.'nderness of the flesh of calves than often bleed-! 



ig them, by which the coloring matter of the [ 



lood is exhausted, and nothing but colorless 



cum remains. A much more cruel method of 



■reparation for slaughter used to be practised, I 



hi, ugh not much less frequently, in regard to the ' 



mil. By some ancient municipal laws, no butclier | 



vas allowed to expose any bull beef for sale un- j 



ess previously baited. The reason of this regula- 



ion probably was, that baiting had the effect of j 



■en-ering the flesh or mu.scular fibre niucIimore| 



ender ; for it is a universal law of the animal I 



xonouiy that, when animals have undergone ex- I 



iessive fatigue immediately before death, or have | 



uffered from a lingering death, their flesh, though 



t becomes sooner rigid, also becomes sooner 



ender than when suddenly deprived of life in a 



tate of health. The flesh of hunted animals also 



3 soon tender and sc.on spoils (Recherches de 



'hysiologie et de Chimie PaUiologique, par. P. N. 



ivysten. fvo. fans, loil.); and it is i!|nui this lioui odo hundred acros. In what way can the 

 principle only, that the ijunlity of pig's flesh could landholder expect so great a profit in ao years, 

 be improved by the horrid cruelty, said to bo prac- with the same probability of success as from this ? 

 tised i)y the Germans, of whipping the animal to If my recollection serves me, the timber, the seeds 

 death. — Loudon. of which were planted by one man in England, was 



I sold for £t!0,()(KI sterlinir, ($"-ilJlJ,(itHi 6(> \ The locn«t 



WAUSWORTII'S STEAM EiMGINE. 'tree becomes v.hmhln in fift, „ , t ne locust 



, tree necomes vaiuauic in niteen years after plaut- 



Phe Providence Americ.ui contains the report of !„„, and in twenty five or thirty years is of full 

 a committee appointea to e>;amine a steam cngiue, growth. It is easily raised by plantinji 15 or 20 

 invented by l>r. Wa.lsvyoith of Portsmouth, and trees to the acre, and as soon as the roots have 

 lately built at Providence. 1 he steam is generated >,pread, run a plough through the "round and 

 in sixteen double pipes, of four feet in length, and where it cuts the roots, new shoots will sprmV un 

 one and a half inches interior dium,>ter. These Another important advantaire results from" the 

 are entirely distinct tro,.: each other, and are in- locust. This tree invites the grass to grow under 

 s-erted in a lurnace ot mason work, four and a half jt, aiid the shade does not materially injure it and 

 feet long, three and a hall teet wide, and three ' v«hile grass in the field is burnt up by the scorch- 

 high. These lubes present to the fire a surface of , i„„ rays of the sun, the locust grove will yield a 

 of water of about Jorty eight square feet, and they Hch and luxuriant pasture.— i.o»ff hi. pa. 



are connected by means of tubes with the cylinder, 



on vvhich the steam acts in the usual manner. — NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. 



The engine operated with a pressure of fourteen I We have received the ffty-fourth number of 

 pounds to the square inch, and was estimated,from this work. The subjects of the Reviews con- 

 the area, length and vibrations of the piston, to tained in it arc 1, Internal Improvements 2, Win- 

 be of eleven horse power. During the period oc- throp's History of New-England, 3 The Wise Men 

 cupied by i;.e committee in the investigation threelof Gotham; 4, Reed's Growth of the Mind ; 5. 

 h urs and a half, one foot only of pine wood , was ; Wheaton's Life of William Pinkney ; fi. Diploma- 

 consumed, and this quantity was amply sufficient, ; cy of the United States; 7, Wilson's and Bona- 

 for heating the engine, generating the steam, and ' parte's Anthology ; 8, Story's and Hillhousc's 

 keeping the engine m operation. They estimate ;Phi Beta Kappa Orations ; 9, Pickering and Oli- 

 tiie saving of fuel, over that consumed in engines jver's Schrevelius ; 10, Carter's Essay on the Im- 

 of the same power, of the usual construction, at 1 provement of C'ommon Schools, 11, Cardozo'e 

 sixty six per cent. One of the committee had I Notes on Political Economy ; 12, Russian Tales; 



witnessed the application of Rhode Island coal to 



the working of the engine, with entire success. 



[Boston Daily Adv.] 



THE LOCUST TREE. 

 For many years past, much attention has been 

 paid to the cultivation of forest trees in England, 

 as an object of primary importance ; in France, 

 also, 1 am informed, great attention iias been giv- 

 en to the raising of the Locust Tree, which is in- ^Book ; 10, Form'ofGovermnent"i'i7 Buenos" AyreT; 



13, Revisions of the Lav\s of New- York. The 

 subjects of Critical .Yotices are ; 1, Francis Ber- 

 rain ; 2, Biyan's Poetical Address ; 3, Collections 

 of New- York Historical Society; 4 Everett's New- 

 Ideas on Population ; 5, Education in Tennessee ; 

 6, Grimshaw's Books for Schools ; 7, American 

 Journals in France and Germany ; 8, The Atlan- 

 tic Souvenir and Memorial ; 9, Greenwood and 

 Emerson's Clasical Reader, and Frost's Class 



1^ Mason's Address on Church Music. 



valuable for its durability and hardness, partieu 

 larly in ship building, machinery, fences, &c ; and 



the foundation of an independent fortune is laid Good Salt. — A difference in point of quality, 

 by the father for his children, who will be at the j greater than is generally imagined, exists between 

 small expence and trouble of plrnting and raising ! salt recently manufactured, and salt which has 

 this valuable tice, am' at the same time he is do- j undergone depuration, and been well drained from 

 ing a real benefit to his country. (the brine and bittern. Recent salt is not well a- 



On Long Island there are many thousand acres of ; dapted for preserving meat, or the uses of the ta- 

 land not worth cultivating in the ordinary method; j ble ; it imparts to meats a bad taste, vitiates their 

 at least, it is suffered to remain so ; and which . color, and prevents their acquiring that firmness 

 might bo rendered valuable, by plandng the same I which is essential to their preservation. It is,iuore- 

 with locust. I have been asked .$30 and $40 for ] over, subject to great waste during its conveyance 

 single trees, (chosen trees,) on the ground as they I to any distance, as it dissolves in a moist air, and 

 were then growing. The ordinary price for the runs into a liquid state. Salt which is of a good 



timber may perhaps be quoted at 75 cents per 

 cube foot for full si?ed timber, which is the price 

 that government has paid for it for building our 

 ships of war, and it has been obtained with diffi- 

 culty at that orice. It is not probable that it will 

 decrease in value — Now to show the great profit 

 which might be realized by planting this tree, the 

 following estimate is exhibited. Take for instance 

 one hundred acres of land, it will bear two hun- 

 dred trees to the acre, for it grows more luxuri- 

 ant by standing close, and it will probably allow 

 more than this number; this will give 20,000 trees 

 to a hundred acres, which may averag« twenty 



age may be distinguished from recent salt, by a 

 taste penetrating, yet free from bitterness ; by the 

 solidity of its fabric, and by its not deliquescing 

 when exposed to a moist atmosphere. 



Jl Good Bread. — A mixture of two parts flour, 

 and one potatoe, makes an agreeable bread, which 

 cannot be distinguished from wheaten bread. It 

 is said that not less than 300 tons of potatoes are 

 consumed for this purpose in London eveiy week. 



Economical and safe Way of malting Soap. — To 



12 gallons of ley, strength just sufficient to bear 



feet per tree, and at 75 cents' per foot, would g,ve a" egg, add 16 pounds of melted grease, «hi<h by 



the enormous sum of $300,000— but to be on the ^^'"" P^^""'^ '" '^e hot sun, and occasionally stir- 

 safe side of the calculation, throw off two thirds of ''ed, wiH m a few days produce a soap of the first 



the amount, leaving §100,000 as the neat profit :'^"^'''^y• 





