2101 



NEW ENGLAlND FARMEil. 



Jan. 96, 1S37. mA 



.l«- 



verv amall ru«ged rones of a -/reerish tint, which I merit of this tree is its brilliant veget:ition, which a sharp spa.le, cut the descending roots about 

 changes to blueish towards "the fall, when they i venders it, wlien in bloom one o. the most beauti- j or eight inches underground, casting back ti 

 t rele-ise the fine seeds "* j ful proJuctions oi the southern part ot ths United j garth when done. This will cause them to thrJ 



^'^Thircedar has been loug introduced and culti- i States, and is selected by tlie inhabitants to plant out a number of lateral roots, and in the spriJ 

 vated in Europe as an ornamental tree. The ' about tLeii: houses,as it grows with rapidity and af- 1 foUowiig, they can be transplanted, with safej 

 wood is very valuable and extensively used for ! fords an impenetrable shade.- It is too delicate to ^ into the nursery,"* where they may remain un 



fences, shingles, works of joinery, and by the [ support our winters. „ R. 1 Phpr ^'' ° n^'f '' '"'"' ^'"^' r w", " "'" rT^' °f 'S 



coopers, in those districts of country, where it i* i The Cera»* Borea/».,-the small, or Red Cher- 1 ^g all the species of Walnuts, Chesnuts a] 

 . ,.' ' Mh\ "is common, onlv in the Northern States, Btec!i-nuts. 



The American Arbor Vits orWhita CedarfTAu- [Canada and Nova Scotia. I Before planting the nuts throw them into a tl 



ya Occidentalis,) Michau.x observes, reaches "45 1 The Choke-Cherry which grows in most of the of water, to ascertain whicli are sound, as thi 

 or 50 feet in hei-rlit and sometimes more than 10 Northern States, and a species bearing very small will sink and tlie imperfect float on the surface..r 

 feet in circunderence ; usually, however, it is not f^uit. "Inch I have only see*, on th9 flanks of tie This critertoa will answer for all kinds of sed 

 more tlian 10 or J5 inches in diameter. From the Vvhite IliUs near the Notch are not described by ; from the most minute to tlie largest, for unrijl 

 nuniberandthedistinctnessofthecorcentrioalcir.Michaux-,-but neither of them are valuable for ; mouldy, blighted or defective s,ed will not sin 

 cfes in .tocks of this size, its growLr must be ex- their fruit or wood ; bemg rather large shrubs; For obtaming the bes varieties of nuts havJ 



than trees. ] the thinnest shells and the largest kernels, buddij 



" The Wild Cherry is one of the largest produc- , or inarching must be depended upon. TheseJ 

 tions of the American forest,"j: and is extensively the general modes by which the choice kinds i 



treinely slow : I have counted 117 in a log 13 in 

 ches and 5 lines in diameter. The sexes aro sep- 

 arate upon the same tree. The male fiowevs arc ... • , i r i- .. i . , • , . ,, 

 in the form of small cones: to the female blossom "«ed in the arts, particularly for turniture. In obtained in Europe. 





succeeds a yellowish fruit about four lines in 



planting groves for timber this tree should not be. The following are the directions for budding] 

 «,u..^^>.— ". j^.._...... ..-.- — --. ---^ iief^lecled. Loulou's Encyclopedia of Gardening. 



length, composed or oblong 50116.=;. vvnicli open "<=d'»-^'->- ,-.jr<i-l „■, V, ... ., 



^ ' ' _..=-. .. The cherry trees, which are cultivated tor their "There are at the base of the annual shoots I 



fruit, in this country and Europe, were found in: the Walnut and other trees, where those join ta 

 Cerasus, on the coast of the Black Sea, in the an- " year old wood, very minute buds, which are alma 

 cieiit kingdom of Pontus, from whence, according ; conce;iled in the bark.-" The most eligible situij 



through their whole length, for the egcapc ot sev 

 eral minute seeds surmounted by a short wing." 



Having transplanted a number of these beauti- 

 ful evercreens, about my grounds, I find thev bear _ , . . , . ,-.u u 1 • 

 removal from their native:forest, belter than most to Pliny,§ Lucullus, on his return from li.s expe- tion for the insertion of the buds, is near the su 

 of the resinous trees, and flourish remarkably well, dition against Milhridates fir, brought them into 

 rive a maturity very early in au- Italy 680 years alter the foundation of Rome, and 



The seeds arri 



, • ,, .1 ,!.,„■„ 120 vears after, they were earned to Britain. — 



tumn, and to obtain thorn the cones must be care- ;■-" :"--"= '^"■'^^ , ■ . .u • <■ „ tu * 



',,',, , ,, . i; „„,.„, They seem to have derived their name from that 



fuy watched, and the moment any ave discover- ■in^j's^'-" . . ^, ^ . n,„ ,i;„ 



. ■' , , . , ,111- r r tv or the city from them. Tourneiont the dis- 



ed open, the desired quantity should bo immedi- eiiy, or im, i^uy uu n i ;„ ,i „ 



,^ , 1 r- ■ r- 1 ft 11 »!,„■,« tin"-uisied French botanist, who travelled in the 



ote y fathered, for in a few days after, all these uUoU ^ueu '^ . . m , u„ tv„ „i .,11 n,„ 



, ,■ , ,■ ■ . , -11 u 1 „j'„„ 1 East in the ve:ir l/UO, states that he round all the 



very deicate and light seeds will be released and f'.-'f '"'-'"=•'"'., , ' , ^„ „„„„,„ i,„in, 



•' "___.... lulls in the neighborhood of Cerasus covered with 



mit cf the wood of the preceding year, and 

 course very near the base of the annual shool 

 and if buds of the small kind, above mentioned, 

 skilfully inserted, in such parts of branches 

 rapid growth, they will be found to succeed, wil 

 nearly as much certainty as those of other fru^ 

 trees, provided such buds be in a more matLir»i 

 state, than those of the stocks into whicIi they arj;- 

 inserted." 



The stalks of the Black Walnut would ans vet 



borne off by the winds. They should be preserv • . 11 



ed. sown and cultivated as directed for the pines. ^='^£,7^ "'''^' f^""-" "f "[=""/• „„., „, ^, 



Michaux states that "a cool soil seeirs to be in- The best stalks, on which to engraft and bu^ 



,-,,,„ wi.;to PnrU,-. the other more choice kinds are the Ma:- ard. 1 lie for thi.s purpose, and probably those of the Bu'tcr 



dispensable to the growth or the wnite ueaar , , , , , n ^ 1 »i „ r_.,> ■ ■ » ,r / /-r ,; <■ 1 



, 1^ . . , , , .; stones siou d be collected as soon as the Iruit is • nut, ('/us-Zans CatharticaJ so com 



that "it is never seen on tne uplands among tne .s-i^neb .uuu , „„.,„,,„ nr ti ' - - • ■ ■ • • ~ 



. ,, , ., 1 „ 1 „„ „(• riue nreserved in dry sand until autumn, or tl. 



beeches, Sic. but is found on the rocky edges of '^'P*' picoci j _ . , .„ 



rivulets and small lakes, or in swamps, — abound 



next spring, when they must be sown in drills and 

 covered rather more than an inch deep. When 



mg exactly m proportion to tlie degree of humidi- , , u„ „i„„toi^„t 



"„ rr,, , 1 ■ 1 T I !•• . 1 oiic or two VBars old they should be planted out 



ty." Those, however which I have cultivated are oni- "' luu jcui . ■'^ . , • .„,„ .,,.„,> 



■^ . ', , ,, ■,,.-,, tl thn ni.rsiRrv. .Tt least a foot apart, in rows three 



on a rather dry and gravelly soil ; but rich loam 

 and compost manure have been liberally placed 

 about their roots and the 

 free from weeds. 



in the nursery, at least a foot apart, in row 



or four feet asunder. The same attention must 



inoii m J 

 Northern States ; but it is doubtful whetlier the I 

 bud of the European Walnut would take on any ol I 

 the eight species of Hickory. 



From the vast importance and the apparent facik 

 ity of replacing the rapidly decreasing groves 

 forest trees, I am cheered with the hope, that oul 



• th b t 1 1 tie bestowed upon their cultivation, as has been industrious and enterprising farmers will soon be" 



° recommended for the other trees raised from the , induced to exclaim, with the good, old, enthusiis- 



_,, . , ,-. . , , J ■ . -CT seed The native black cherry makes very good i tick Evelyn, — " Let us arisc tiie.n aind i-lavti 



"The Arbor Vita, was introduced into Prance ^^^ ^^^^^.^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^.^^^^ ^^^ j^ 1 ^.^^ ^^,^^^ ^^^^^^ ^ ^^^^ rharmi.g and useful, 



more than 200 years since. The superior beauty , = ^^^^ .^ ^,^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ , ^^^^^ ^,^^ ^^_,^^^^ ^^^ preservation of such goodly 



of us form and foliage entitle It to preference ovei^y plantations." Respectfully, 



the Chinese r/ixi/a, as an ornament of pleasure aescuueo. 1 v„„v ,„„..t ^hv =/rl't 



,,•',. n- 1 • rr ■ t WALNUT. 1 our inost Ob t serv t, 

 grounds, and the quality of its wood is a sutricient 



- .. . . •■. ■ o) „,„,.-!,„« Of the eleven known species of this tree, ten of 1 H. A. S. DEARBORN, 



motive for propagating it in our improved raai =hes ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^.^^^ ^^ ^^J ^^.^^^j g^^^^^^ ^_^^ j,^^ . ^ ^^^^^_ Roxbury, Jan. 23. 



jn the north of Europe, t ,.., "Common European Walnut"-7HgZa»» Begia,w:as : 



. The wood IS very durable and much "^e^l >n the P ^^^. ^^ ^ ^^^_^^^^ _ RECLAIMED MARSHES. 



Eastern states for fence posts rails sningle , . ^^^^^^ .^ y .^ ^^^ ^^^^_ ^^.^_ j_ 



planking small boats, net floats or buoys, and van- ■ "- , , , m, r< • „c!„ i* ;„ 



,".,„,',. .1 ^ ^1, .,hiHt„ ;i 'ral state on the borders of the Caspian Sea. It is 



ous utensils for domestic use. i' or durability it 



is only surpassed by the Red Cedar. 



j fruit and the wood, which is much used by the 

 CHERRY. cabinet makers, and for gun stocks, but for the 



There are five species of this tree which belong ( latter purposes our Black Walnut, — Juglans Nigra 

 to the United States ; the largest and moat vaUia- 1 is rnucli superior. 



ble of which, both on account ef the fruit and the | For raising the plants, the nuts should be col- 

 wood is that generally called the wild cherry, but j lected as soon as lipe, and preserved in dry sand 

 more commonly in New England the Black Cher- 1 until April, when they must be planted about two 



ry, Ctrasus Virginiana. 1 inches deep, and four inches apart, in drills a foot 



The Cerasus Caroliniana, or Wild Orange Tree asunder, where they may remain for two years ; 

 is an evergreen and is mostly confined to the is- but as "ihey send down long tap roots, it is best, 



when they have one year's growth, to open in the 

 spring a small trench close to each row and with 



Michaux the elder found it growing, in the natu- 



Mr Fessenden, — Much has appeared during' 

 ultivated very extensively in Europe, both for its | jjjg p^gt yg^r, in your paper, on the subject of Re- 



lands on the coast of the Carolinas, Georgia and 

 Florida. The fruit is not eatable, and the only 



* Michaux's N. A. Syka. t Ibid. 



North American Sylva. f Ibid. J Ibid. 

 , Pliny, book 15, Chap. 25. 



■laimed Marshes, as a probable improvement, from 

 " diking out the sea," by a writer under the signa- 

 tum of "F." from the New Bedforil Mercury, and 

 by others. 



I think this an error, and presume from the in- 

 telligence of the writers, that they will give due 

 weight to the reasons alleged in support of a dif- 

 ferent opinion. 



When great changes are proposed in Agricul- 

 ture, which constitutes the employment ef so large I 

 a portion of th« people, on whose successful labof I 

 so much depends, it is due to the importance of 

 the subject, to make a careful examination, and be ] 

 well convinced, that an improvement will be ef- 



