FAllPtlEH. 



Win, 



^OL. V. 



Itiiv 



l'ul)lislieJ by Sony U. Kussell ut iNo. i,i :Monli .Mar.vcl ^trcel, ^.,|,^.06lt.J Fiuiiieil Hall) -Thomas G. FESSENDEtJ, 



BOSTON, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1827. 



No, 81, 



RIGINAL PAPERS 



PAINTINGS OF ANIMALS. 

 Fes5f.>de:< — I was much pleased witli tlie 

 rks of your New Bedford correspondent in 

 of your paper, respecting Mr Fislier's tal- 

 br painting aniuiuls correctly nnd sdcnlijical- 

 t is, as lie observes, with regard to painters 

 neral, they look upon " a cow as a cow, and 

 us an ox," ditfering only in size and colour, 

 )'jjj out any perception of those nicer characteris- 

 which are so readily distinguished by the ag- 

 turist. It is too often the case that if a psint- 

 iss formed an animal with four legs, a head 

 horns, he has done his task. He has drawn 

 X, and an ox was what was wanted. If, Mr 

 or, there is any one who understands the art 

 ortraying all the nice peculiaiities of any va- 

 f of stock, if he can catch the slight shades of 

 nction and fix them upon the canvass and ren- 

 theni almost sensible to the "/cf/," he ought 

 ainly to be patronised ; for such a talent is too 

 "ul to the agriculturist to lie unemployed. I 

 erely hope that measures will be taken to have 



setts, taken and lithographed and distributed 



the farming community. 



may seem of not much consequence to you in 



isachusetts, where you are conversant with the 



breeds, and where the march of improvement 



ncouraged by a liberality which redoimds not 



ttir to the honor as well as prosperity of the 



,6 ; but to us in Maine, where cattle sliows are 



known, and "Short Horns" are a cariosity, 



itings or portraits would be of great service. — 



the first place it would tell many who are now 



Grant of the fsict that there is a better breed of 



tie, &c. in existence than our own. In the ne.\t 



ce it would sliow them wherein — and lastly I 



»uld hope it would prompt them to Silt those 



sy have and procure better. It is true, sir, we' 



d your accounts of cattle shows and premiums 



if Dentons, of Aiimirals, and Wye Comets — of 



llfounders, of Romans, Columbus and Cleave- 



d Bays, but if we stray not out of the limits ot 



state to see them, we have not much of an idea 



them. Permit rae to express my hopes once 



)re that paintings and engravings may be made 



d circulated, that we wlio arp not able to come 



d see, may at least have a faint idea of what is 



Dsidered true excellence, and what not. 



flardmer, Me. Feb. 1], 1827. E. H. 



THE BUG IN PEASi 

 Sir — In your paper of Feb. 9, I observed a 

 atement by Messrs. G. Thorburn & son, of New 

 ovk, in their preface to their catalogue of seeds, 

 pd which I think is incorrect. I allude to the 

 patemcnt relative to pea-bugs, page 231. It is 

 fell known tliat the pea-bug like all other insects 

 (ropagates its kind through the medium of «ggs, 

 lid any one may easily ascertain their mode and 

 [lace of depositing their eggs at the proper seas- 



heals the wound, and causes the surface to be I site to nscerliin the time when the Hight of these 

 whole and fair: the egg hatches, forms a worm, in.-;;cts is over an I tlicy perisli. As peas of vari- 

 ous sorts blossom and form their buds at different 

 times, some that come late may perhajis admit of 

 such early sowing as to secure a vigorous nnd am- 

 ple growth of the vines before the intense heat of 

 summer arrives ; in which case a satisfactory crop 

 may be more surely expected." 



Late s"wu peas, however, though they may es- 

 cape the bugs, are apt to be injured by mildew or 



rust, as well as by the intense heat of summer 



Mildew in peas, is said to be caused by moisture 

 in the atmosphere, and dryness in the soil, and 

 it is asserted that watering the late sown plants, 

 rather profusely, once in a week or nine days will 

 prevent their suffering from this disorder. See N. 

 E. Farmer, vol. i. p. 411. 



Deane's New England Farmer observes that 

 "The only insect that commonly injures our pease 

 is a small brown hug or fly, the egg of whjjjfi is 

 deposited in them when they are young, anfl the 

 pods easily perforated. The insect docs not come 

 out of his nest till he is furnished with short 

 wings. They diminish the pease in which they 

 lodge to nearly one half, and their leavings are fit 

 only for food for swine. The bugs, however, will 

 be all gone out if you keep them till the following 

 autumn. But they who eat buggy paas the winter 

 after they are raised must run the venture of eat- 

 ing the insects." 



which subsists on the grosser parts of the pon, and 

 in proper time having assumed tlu; insect form, 

 eats its way out and performs the same routine of 

 servi'.e its parent did. It is well known tliat tlie 

 bug does not injure the germinating quality of the 

 pea, nor sliould such a thing be expected ; nature 

 is too correct in its productions to allow it. 



The voiion of the seeds or eggs being deposited 

 in the flower or blossom is certainly anything but 

 the production of research ; — when the peas are 

 of a (it size to be eaten green, examine the pods 

 and you will find reddish marks on the side exact- 

 ly against the most prominent part of the peas ; 

 open the pods and you will see a reddish spot in 

 the corresponding side of the pea ; take a pen- 

 knife and carefully open the pea around the spot, 

 and you may find a white egg about the size of a 

 small pin head, which is the foundation laid for a 

 Pea Bug. C. PITMAN. 



Troy, Feb. 14, 1837. 



Remarks hy the Editor. — The opinion that the 



I portraits of most of the fine animals in Massa- 1 pea-bug " deposits its egg in the Jlnwer, and ma- 



tures with the pea, when it eats its way out at 

 the side" is probably erroneous. In the Massa- 

 chusetts Agricultural Repository for Juue 182'2, is 

 a letter from Col. Pickering, which explains the 

 evil and points out a remedy. The Hon. writer 

 observes, in substance, that the greatest difficulty 

 to be encountered in raising peas is to produce 

 them free from bugs. An effectual remedy for 

 this evil is late so.ving ■ but the hut sun of June 

 will so pinch the vine of the bite sown peas, that 

 the crop will be small, unless the laud be moist as 

 well as rich. lie then details some experiments 

 from which he concludes that this insect is limit- 

 ed to a certain period for depositing its eggs ; am 

 that if tiie tender | o-is are not found till that peri- 

 od is passed, the pease will he free from bugs. — 

 (^ol. Pickering;- quotes the following from a paper, 

 written by the late Mr Bartram a distingaislied 

 naturalist of Pennsylvania : 



"They [the pea-bugs] feed, when in the caterpil- 

 lar or grub slate, on the green garden or field pea, 

 as soon 'as the pods have arrived to a state of ma 

 turity sufficient to shou' the peas which are within 

 them. In the evening or on a cloudy H.iy, the fe- 

 male deposits her eggs on the outside of the pods; 

 tliese eggs or nits soon hatch, and the young larva 

 or worm eats directly through and enters the 

 young pea, where it lodges, and remains feedinsr 

 on its contents until it changes to a chrysalis, and 

 thence to a fly or beetle before tiie succeeding 

 spring ; but do not eat their way out until the 

 colds and frosts are past, which is about the be- 

 ginning of April, when we generally begin to 

 plant peas." " After they have disseminated their 

 eggs they perish." " But that which is surprising 

 and difficult to be accounted for, is, that the worm 

 leaves the rostellum, or sprout untouched, or at 

 east uninjured ; for almost every pea vegetates 

 and thrives vigorously, notwithstanding the corcu- 

 him (the rudiment of the young plant) and plumu- 

 la seem to be consumed. 



The Bug makes a puncture through the side of 

 he pod into the pea, when the pea is about half 

 Is proper size to be eaten green, and deposits its 

 'gg in the pea;— the growth of tte pea covers or Pickering, " in different climates, may be requi-l 



PHYSICAL VIRTUES OF PLANTS. 



When plants are removed from their native soil 

 and taken iato a state of culture, it alters not only' 

 their habit* but their physical virtues. Thus the 

 sour grape is rendered sweet, the bitter pear 

 pleasant, the dry apricot pulpy, the prickly lettuce 

 smooth, and the acid celery wholesome. Pot-herbs 

 \re also rendered more tender by means of culti- 

 vation, and better fitted for the use of man ; and 

 so also are our fine varieties of fruit. — Loudon. 



A knowledge of these facts should induce us to 

 attempt to domesticate some of the wild plants of 

 our soil and climate. There are wild grapes, wild 

 plums, wild cherries, a wild sort of upland rice, a 

 variety of vegetables, which might, perhaps, be 

 used for pot-horbs, which those who have means, 

 leisure and philanthropy would do well to culti- 

 vate, till it could be ascertained whether the 

 plants would developc any new and valuable prop- 

 erties under the hand of the husbandman or hor- 

 ticulturist. — Editor. 



Important uses of the Leaves of the Grape-Vine. 

 From experiments made by Sir .lames Hall, it 

 has been found that the leaves of the grape-vine, 

 dried in the shade,make an excellent and extreme- 

 ly wholesome tea, though differing in taste and 

 flavour from that commonly used. Besides, also 

 being admirably calculated for making vinegar, 

 the prunings of the vine, on being bruised and 

 put into a vat or mashing tub, and boiling water 

 poured on them, in the same way as is done with 

 malt, will produce a liquor of a fine vinous quality, - 

 which being fermented, forms a substitute for 



beer ; and which, on being distilled produces a 

 " One or two years' observation," continues Col. | good spirit of the nature of brandy. 



[English publicatioij.] 



