214 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



Veh. 33. lAar. 



AN ADDRESS, susceptible of a high state of cultivation, and which 



Ddivtred before the Saratoga AgriniUural Society, i might with any thing of industry and economy bo ^ 

 by Eahl Stimsok, Esq. 



a sonrce of wealth to its possessor — how often do 

 we see grown over with hushes, briars, thistles, 



Citizens and Fellow Farmers, , - . „ , , , /- . i i n i 



A ui 1 ., ■ , 1 1 . .1. and every liurtfu weed — the fields badly arranged, 



Assembled as we are tins day to celebrate the »"" t-*"-' J* ""' ' ^ ^ » 



/• , o, . ■ , 1 .., • I the fences out of repair, the land halt tilled, tlie 



anniversary of the Saratoga A LTicnltural Society,!""'"'"^'''', "-"' ^ /, v.- a ,\ ■■ 



iversary 



we would express our grateful remembrance of the 

 kindness of that Providence which hath watched 

 over us : and humbly present our united thank 

 offering to the bountiful bestower of all our mer- 

 cies for the continued expressions of his goodnes; 



barn doors broken from their hinges, and the win- 

 dows of the house filled with hats, presenting any 

 idea but that of comfort. 



On a nearer examination, the picture is still 

 darkened. — Look at his stock, his out houses his 



v;ies lur lue coniinueu expressions oi ins goouuess. i „, , , .<_■ ■ j 



nil . , c , u . /■• 1 ' imnlnmcnts of husbandry: everv thing is poor and 



Our lives have not only been preserved, but Ood '"'I^'-' "- , ° -J. , •,,. ^,- , 



i„o„„„ 11- • 11-1 ,1 1 1 out of Its plj'ce. Enter Ins dwelling — Justiomt,m 



has caused his rams and his dews lo descend, and i '^ '^ "' "•=■ i , r ■. r v 



,„ , , , I r- ,, •., ,, u 1 : which are to be found the only fruits ot bDEN 



has whitened our he'ds with another rich and a- , ■ , , r n t' i 



bundant harvest. Our flocks and our herds, have 

 yielded their increase. Our store houses are filled 

 with the fruits of the field — Peace and quietness 

 have been about onr habitations. 



Gentleinc7i — you must be sensible of the embar- 

 rassment which every person feels, when called to 

 the discharge of a duty, for the performance of 

 which he feels himself unqualified. And I assure 

 you that nothing could have induced me to address 

 you on this occasion, but the obligation which this 

 Society has laid me under, by conferring upon me 

 one of the highest honors in its gift — an honor 

 which I could have wished might have been con- 

 ferred on some Gentleman who possessed literature 

 combined with practical experience, both whicli 

 are necessary on occasions like the present. I 

 trust however that I shall be heard with indul- 

 gence, whilst I direct your attention for a. few 

 moments to souic general remarks on industry and 

 economy, accompanied with some observations on 

 practical husbandry. 



Industry and economy combined, form the true 

 philosopher's stone, which turns all into gold. — 

 Without these essential qnalifi'iations, no one can 

 be respectable, or an useful member of society. — 

 They are tlierelbre among those principles which 

 should be instilled into the child from its earliest 

 infancy. They most generally exist together, and 

 are both. so indispensably necessary to success in 

 any pursuit of life, that where one is wanting, the 

 other for all practical purposes may as well be ab- 

 sent. For without industry, economy will be of 

 no avail. And without economy, the fruits of in- 

 dustry are soon wasted. IVIan being formed for 

 action, and duties always devolving upon him, in- 

 dustry and economy cannot be dispensed with in 

 any situation in which he can be placed. It is the 

 want of these, that prevents the success of so many 

 in the various mechanical branches, as well as in 

 the learned professions — and it is the primary 

 cause, whicii calls in the aid of the insolvent law 

 to close up the concerns of so many in the mercan- 

 tile world. 



The indolent person soon loses the confidence, 

 and of course the patronage of his employers, and 

 poverty and disgrace are the final, and inevitable 

 result. But in no one are the unhappy etfects 

 which result from the want of these, more appar- 

 ent than in the cultivator of the soil. The indo- 

 lent farmer exhibits his own disgrace to every pass- 

 ing traveller ; and brings forcibly to the mind even 

 of a stranger, the words of the wise man — "I went 

 by the field of the slothful, and by the vineyard of 

 the man void of understanding, and lo, it was all 

 overgrown with thorns, and nettles had covered 

 the face thereof, and the stone w-all thereof was 

 broken down." How true is the picture which 

 Solomon here gives of what daily falls under our 

 own observation. How often do we see a farm 



which have survived the fall — Is domestic peace 

 or happiness ever found within, where neglect and 

 ruin are without ? Does not every thing wear the 

 aspect — and is there not inscribed on every thing 

 on which the eye can rest, indolence and waste ? 

 Reverse the picture; and what can be presented 

 more agreeable, what can be accompanied with 

 more pleasing ideas. Look at the farm of the man 

 who is diligent in his business and prudent in 

 his concerns — his own spirit is infused into every! 

 thing around him, — eveiy thing is in repair, every 

 thing is in its place, every thing is in its season ; 

 — every thing evinces that the master's eye has 

 seen and directed all his concerns — and that he 

 hath remembered and practised the adage, 



" He that by the plr.ngh would thiivp, 

 " Himself must eithtr holtl or drive." 



— On a nearer examination, we find his fields well 

 arranged and productive, his crops clean and of 

 the best quality, and secured in season under cov- 

 er, instead of being exposed to weatlier in stacks 

 as is too frequently the case, to the great loss of 

 the farmer, both in the crop itself, and in tlie ma- 

 nure of whicli it might be productive — wc find hi.-; 

 cattle well fed — in good condition — andoften bet- 

 ter sheltered than the family of the slothful. — 

 Enter his dwelling, it is the habitation of plenty — 

 the store-house of the dairy and the loom — and 

 his fire side, that calm and domestic one, where 

 the farmer in the bosom of his family fini'.s not on- 

 ly rest from his toil, but the richest reward of his 

 labor. 



Since wo are assembled for the purpose of mu- 

 tually receiving and communicating instruction, 

 and stimulating each other in that pursuit, whicli 

 was the first and is still the most honourable em- 

 ployment of man — it will be expected that some- 

 thing will be said more particularly on the culti- 

 vation of the soil. Agriculture embraces in its 

 widest sense loo many auhjocts to admit of a des- 

 cription for detail, within limits of a single dis- 

 course. Division and fencing of a farpi, the prop- 

 er mode of tillage— draining and watering the land 

 — the rotation of crops — kitchen gardening, that 

 important, though much neglected subject — the 

 planting and 'cultivating of fruit trees — different 

 kinds of manures and their application — the rais- 

 ing and fatting cattle — the form and construction 

 of farming utensils, the most proper mode of build- 

 ing, both as respects the form and materials — and 

 the different kinds of domestic manufactures 

 would furnish matter for an useful discourse — but 

 without descending to any particular discussion on 

 any one of these subjects, suffice it to say that a 

 knowledge of them all will be sought by the prac- 

 tical farmer. But permit me, in compliance with 

 the request of several gentlemen, briefly to sub- 

 join a statement of what I have found to be the 

 most successful and profitable mode of cultivating 



the farm which I have taken under my immci 

 caro and upon which I have tried a number of 

 periments. 



The soil of this land is a brown loam, lying 

 a stratum of lime and sand stone, at the depth 

 from three to six feet projecting out of the groi 

 occasionally on the brink of ridges. The surl 

 was covered with round hard stuue sufficient 

 put into half w;ill with posts and rails to ii 

 in lots from five to ten acres. The original 

 ber was principally beech and maple, mixed 

 bass ivood, elm and hemlock. The whole ft 

 was interspersed with spots low and springjt 

 When first cleared the dry land was produciii 

 both in grain and grass. i 



It was occupied as four small farms previoufrl 

 its coming into my possession, .ind had been so ol 

 ten cropped without sending down to gra.ss or it 

 ing supplied with manure as to become in a gr6i 

 measure unproductive, not yielding the occupaiit 

 on an aver;!ge more thin twenty bushels of grai 

 or one ton of hay per acre. T 



Little or no attention had been paid to the l) 

 rangcment of the lots — the fences were in a ii 

 caycd state and the buildings much out of repaS 

 and the whole was much covered with old I 

 stumps, stones, hedges of briars, unprofiti 

 bushes and weeds. For the first four or five yej 

 after a part of this land came into my potscssioii| 

 pursued the common way of farming, and 1)8 

 ploughed and harrowed my land over tlie stem 

 and around the logs and bushes — summer follo» 

 ed at the loss of one crop, and I ploughed in whi 

 little manure I saved five or six inches deep,, 

 laid out much labor and got small crops. 



[To be concluded next weik.\ 



Transplantation of trees. An Italian journal li 

 published a long paper on this subject, contaiuii 

 the results of many experiments made by Mr 

 radori ; these are, 1st. To cut as little of the ri 

 as possible ; 2d. That transplanted things reqili 

 no other nourishment than water, and are injur 

 by manure ; and 3d. That too much care canr 

 be taken to shelter them from the sun. 



Culture nf silk in Sweden. This it seems v, 

 attempted a number of years ago, and in 1623 

 was renewed. The mulberry grows very well 

 in some of the province.;, and the silk produced 

 said to be of a finer and stronger quality than 

 of India. Tlie silk produced in Bavaria is in 

 mariner snid to be supeiior to that of Italy. 



The .'IgricuUural Society of Stockholm celebrat 

 in February last their twelfth anniversary. T 

 I King himself was present, and made a speech 

 the importance of the subject, observing that t 

 result of their eljorts had, notv.'ithstanding thee 

 verity of the climate, exceeded their hopes. 



Ull 



1 



We occ.asionly catch a paragraph, in some 

 the papers published west of the Alleghany moii 

 tains, lliat serves to throw light upon the progic 

 of our western neighbours. It is understood tli 

 nearly $200,000 v/orth of wool, is yearly trar 

 poited eastward, from Pittsburgh, Stoubenville a 

 Wiiceling. Yet,says the Editor of the Pittsbur; 

 Gazette, a few years since, when the Steubenvi 

 woolen factory was established, the a hole count 

 west ot' the Mountains, did not furnish wool c 

 ough to keep it in operation — Now, Mr Rapp, 

 the Society of Economy, makes, from a sing 

 grower of wool, a jiurchase of wool amounting 

 $2,400 — meantime we find that Cotton Factori 

 in the neighborhood of Pittsburgh, have increas 

 the amount of their product in a considerable d 

 gree. [U. S. Gaz.j 



