306 



NEW ENGLAND I AIIMER. 



April M. ISari) 



amoved the moment they are observed; but it be- ] grrdients, and then, from their specif c li5:htness,} spring before Braddock's defeat, and have bee, 



comes more essentially nccessarv before the they of course ascend to the top in tlie form of planted successively every season since on ft. 



wi*rms enter into their third sickness, because cream. Cream is thus obtained during the cold- place. They have not been changed, and are nw, 



at this time they become most dangerous, by est weather in winter, in the course of about j piefcrable to what they were when first obtaindl' 



voidin" the yellow liquid above mentioned, which twelve hours after the milk has been taken from [ Perhaps as much good may be effected by bredM 



is Doisonous to the worms, and exceedinixly con- the cows. And the operation of churning such ing from the best vegetables as the best animals- 



" ... ^ - •-. 'I'he ; We are told bv some English agricultural writoiltoi""' 



IS poisonou 

 tajrious 



insomuch, that every worm that hap- I cream never exceeds twenty-five minutes. . ..», , ,,^ u.,,. ..uiu ^v ^^,,,^ i^.i^non uyii^uiiuiai wiiwi.ii"- 

 pens to touch this' liquid is sure to be infected milk pans ^remain in the hot water^ ab^out thirty | that wheat has boen^ greatly irapiwed^in quul|;|^eclM^^^ 

 •vith the same distemper, which has hitherto been j minutes "' ' " ' ' '~'" """"" " ■"" .....u...-, .l_ 



found to be incunible. (To bt continued.) 



The butter has invari.ibly been of a i as well as quantity by taking t^he trouble befiij|t|lll« * 



fine flavour, and of a beautiful yellow colour ; and ; harvest to cull in the field the finest and earlig 

 in the nature of tilings, it never can be otherwise, heads for seed. In some cases however it will| 

 From Memoirs of the JV. Y. Board of Agricullure. I unless the dairy women shouy be utterly igno- ^ best to change the seed in order to accelerate 



rant of tlie art of making sweet buttor. . introduction of an improved variety; and, an 



UoBERT Smith, Esq. Piesident of the M.-.ryland It may not be amiss to state to you, that the such change, to be careful always to select yn 



Agricultural Society, on the Management 0/ skim-milk under this process, is a very pleasant seeds from the most forward and perfect plantsJ 



Dairy Cattle — the Distribution of their Manure, beverage. In summer and in winter, it bears the , Editor A*. E. Farnit 



the Advantages of Steaming Fodder — ''le ^^f'- agitation of a carriage without becoming sour. — | 



.jSlfe 



i-angementsofonenfhisFarms — and his Jl/orfc l^nj g^gry morning, throughout the year, a per 

 of accelerating the Production of Cream by 



Culinary Heat. 



Dear Sir — You have asked me to send to you 

 1 statement of the arrangements of my dairy 

 farm, Orange, two milcji from Baltimore. This 

 I am about doing, because it is a part of my creed, 

 that an unreserved communication of our respec- 

 tive practices cannot fail to lead to beneficial re 

 suits. 



The barn is constructed according to the best 

 Pennsylvania models. The yard is to the south 

 of it. On the east and west sides are cow stables, 

 oontaining 110 well made stalls, and well vcntilat- 

 .id by a sufficient number of windows and double 

 doors. In these st;ibles are, in summer as well as 

 in winter several ranges of cattle, duly littered and 

 properly secured, each by a chain and halter. At 

 the tails of each range of cows, there is a drain 

 made of strong planks — and so fixed as to receive 

 all their dung and urine. These several drains tilated. 

 have a sufficient declivity to carry all the fluid 

 matter to their soutliern terminations, wheie they 

 intersect similar drains, which convey all this 

 liquid manure into a cistern fifty feet long. The 

 cistern is so placed and constructed, as to receive 

 not only the urine of the stables, but also all the 

 liquid .natter of the farm yard. In it there is a 

 pump, by means of which its contents are pumped 

 into a large hogsliead, fixed on a pair of wheels 

 'Irawn by oxen. To the end of this hogshead is 

 attached a box pierced with holes, into which this 

 liquid manure flows through a spigot and faucet, 

 ind is then sprinkled over the ground as the oxen 

 move forward. 



For the purpose of augmenting the nnanlity and 

 of improving the quality of the food of my slock 

 of every kind, I have established a steaming ap- 

 paratus. It consists of a boiler and two wooden 

 boxes, in which boxes, is steamed the food These 

 boxes contain eacn eighty bushels. By this sim- 

 ple apparatus every species of coarse vegetable 

 ■iffal is converted into nourishing food, and all the 

 rdinary provender is rende-ed more nutritious. 

 In the dairies near Philadelphia, it is well 

 known, that sweet butter of the first quality can- 

 not be made but from cream quickly produced 

 xiom fresh milk, and that whenever the milk re 



APRIL. 



son comes to the farm and takes from 250 to 300 ; Vour hemp and flax are all dressed ; your w, 

 quarts for which he pays two cents per quart, I cut and housed, or piled up ; and your sL 

 cash and on the same day he retails the whole hojsed safe for the next winter. Your orchar 

 among the people of the town, at three cciUs per ; arc all pruned, and the brush removed and cut < 



(for summer's use. Your fences are in gr« 



''"The hot water in wliich the milk pans are phi- j forwiirdness ; your mowing-grounds are dress 



ced is contained in large flat wooden vessels at- , from your barn yards, and your hemp, flax, 01 



tached toastove. The water is heated by means and barley grounds, together with your sprin, 



be fastened to the side, and near to the rye, and wheat lands, now claim your attentii 



Mill' 



ition w 



j( JOB! 



lei in 

 tleir 

 Tr 



This is one of the most important months ofti 

 twelve, for the farmer. Harrow down your ridga 

 in plougii and cross-plough for your hemp, flax aJ 

 dress aiter the first ploughing wifl 



of " flat tub 



bottom of each vessel, and introduced through an 

 aperture into the stove. The heat of the stove af- 

 fords the additional advantage of preserving 

 the dairy house, the requisite temperature during jbarl^ 



the winter season. P^'^" '^°"^'^ manure from your stables, barn-yarl 



The dairy house is a stone building, consisting | or' hog-pens, at the rate of 10, 15, or 20 loads | 

 of three spacious apartments for the preservation } the acre, according to circumstances, and soi 

 of the milk, the cream, and the butter, and for the, from 2 to 3 bushels to the acre, of each, and ha^ 

 makino- of the butter. Two of these apartments row in the seed, not upon the furrows, this wil 

 are uirder o-round and arched, and properly vcn- j hury yojjr.seed too deep ; but upon a surface mad|. 

 tilated To the south side is attached a conveni- , smootlT and even with a harrow. Your land eannot 

 ent shed, with the requisite shelves, and with a be pulverized too much witli the harrow after yout 

 copper boiler for the washin;; and keeping in ; seed is sown. 



^ood and sweet condition all the dairy utensils.— I ^o"'' "'heat 2 bushels, and rye IJ bushels to 

 In the front is a penthouse. j t^e acre will do best ; when dressed with plaster, 



When I betran, I really did not imagine, my 1> 2, or 3 bushels to the acre or with lime or leach- 

 dear sir that I should have subjected you to the ed ashes, sown and harrowed in with the grain.— 

 fatio-ue of readint' so long a letter. Be this as it Your crops will be more secure against the rust, 

 ma>" I hef yon to be assured of the respect with blast, and smut, than when sown upon the strong- 

 1 • 1 I Z c.;,. er manures, especially if .=oaked in a strong pickle 



which I am, sir, . , , j , , ,, / 



Your obedient servant °' sea-salt, or saltpetre, nnsod clean, and rolletti 



JoiiM Harf Powell, Esq. Pw- SMITH. ' i" plaster, or live ashes, when sown. Plaster aaS 



Correiponding Secretary of the Pennsylvania ashes answer well, also, when sown upon your 

 .Igricultur al Society. ■ ''emp, flax, barley and oat ■ -^-^ '--^ "'• — •^■- 



CULTIVATION OP PEAS. 



Peas of all other grain demand a more frequent 

 renovatioi of sG;d ; for if these poise were to be 

 sown a few years on the same kind of soil, a visi- 

 ble degeneracy would tike place in the nature of 

 the pea, and the crops would become slighter at 

 each successive harvest. Neither is it prudent to 

 crop the same field with peas but it an interval of 

 four or five years, since a sliiftinj of around is not 

 less necessiry to the well bein? of the crop, than 

 a change of species. — Bannister's Husbandry. 



The above theory respecting the importance of 



Ihti 



changing seeds of peas and other vegetables is 

 mains many daysto produce its cream, such cream not so lenerallv acquiesced in as it has been for- 

 acquires an unpleasant taste that is imparted to merlv. The modern doctrine is that the most 

 the butter. 'healthy stalks, stems or bulbs, should be selected 



Since the month of January, IS'23, my dairy f^r bearing seeds ; and such as obtain maturity at 

 people have been in the practice of always placing t),p earliest period of the season are to be prefer- 

 the pans containing the milk, in water simmering ^pj Dr Cooper of New Jersey savs, [see page I 



hot. The oilv parts, which constitute the cream, 93 of the current volume of the N. E. Farmer.]— j by this mode of feeding, averaged 180 Ihs. al ^ 

 *re by such heal separated from the other in- a Our early peas were procured from London the 1 Christmas following, with a very trifle ot corn, ex-. 



The time of sowing 

 all your spring grains will depend much upon the 

 season, with this general rule, the earlier the bet- 

 ter, with proper security against frosts ; be sure 

 to catch a dry seedtime if possible, the difft-ren.-e 

 in the value of your crop, will richly repay a strict 

 attention to thi.^ part of good farming. Hemp '.viU 

 do to be repeated successively, for many ycar.s, 

 with high manuring ; but all the other crops as 

 above, s'lould be sown nfter corn, or potatoes, or 

 upon stubhle land, ridged in in the fall, and per- 

 fectly free from weeds, or their seeds, or upon 

 turnip grounds after stubble. Select a warm, rich 

 piece of ground near your dwelling, of 1, 2, •'>, or 

 4 roods, render it rich with horse or hog manure; 

 plant thi^ with English white potatoes, they will 

 answer to begin to dig in July ; these, when 

 steamed, or boiled, will serve for early food for 

 your hogs, and bring thera forward for early pork, 

 nnd save your corn in the fall. I can say that 4 

 pigs, which averaged 27ll>s. in the middle of July, 



