t322 



x\EW ENGLAND FARMER. 



May 4. 1827. . -;j41 



all extraneoos sub^ces, conveyed lo the raaga-j fourteen inchog of .o,7_in this plant as many d.st.ngu.shed benefactor to h,s spec.es, the Uu 

 z ir the onstrllion of which is not nnlike a vines as it will hold, without crowding too much, Dr John toakley Lettsom, of London. 



!i,ne:kiln, having an opening at the top, into which | and let the earth be well settled about theu roots ^^ ^ 



the fruit is put, and a door at the bottom, opened by shulcng and vvatenng ; saw out two staves an i }^ii . 



only at the time of sale. The fruit being poured inch above the surface of the earth on each side 

 in above, is occasionally rammed down, and with of t!,e barrel, extending to the chino hoops, o 



the pressure by its own weight, a viscous liq 

 emitted that unites tlie whole muss so closely, 

 that iron bars are used to breal; it up to pack it in 

 casks, and it is then trod down firm, in order to 

 exclude the air. 



The medium quantity of Corinthian raisins An- 

 nually produced in the Morea, viz : the districts 

 of Patras, (that port being the chief marl for ex- 

 portation,) the coasts of Achaia and j'Etolia, with 

 a few other districts, including Missolongi, was 

 estimated about 30 years since, at ten millions pi 

 pounds weight, and the sales at fra'.'.'l millions ; 

 five parts of wbicli went to Great Britain, and the 

 other three principally to Holland and the nortli of 

 Europe ; and were sold at a little more than three 

 pence sterling- per lb. on board, free of all e.\pens- 

 es and duties which were enormous, and often 

 double the amount of the first purcha.<iO ; conse- 

 quently did not leave but about a penny to the 

 poor Greek cultivator, out of which he had to sat- 

 isfy a rapacious landlord. We may inf?r, howev- 

 er, that a small extent of vineyard must have been 

 productive of targe quantities of fruit, otlierwise 

 the cultivation could not have continued. The 

 quantity of Corinthian raisins exported from the 

 Ionian islands at the period alluded to, is not 

 knov;n, but probably rquch e.iceeded that from 

 the Morea. 



M. Beaujour remarks, that Corinthian raisins 

 were not only an article of luxury in Great Brit- 

 ain but of economy, as he had been assured that 

 they had been made use of in the distillation of 

 facliiious brandy, and for cleansing manufactures 

 of woo/ and sdk. 



The terrible devastations wilh which a merciless 

 foe has of lata years afflicted the Morea, have 

 probably extended to the Corinthian vineyards ; 

 it may be po?.-ible, however, that a fev/ remain in 



uor is I admit of a free circulation of air ; a netting should 

 cover these apertures and the head, to protect the 



plants. If holes are bored on each side the bulge, 

 to admit ropes to serve as handles, it will add to 

 the convenience of removal. The plants should 

 be kept, when beloiv, in the most airy part of the 

 ship and exposed to as much light as possible, and 

 brmight on to the quarter dock every day, when 

 the weather will permit, or when there is no dan- 

 ger of their being touched by the spray, or the 

 fonm of the sea that may bo wafted on board by 

 the wind. They should be watered very sparing- 

 ly, and never expo.sed to the direct rays of a hot 

 SUB. The want of such precautions has caused 

 much disappointment; but if the foregoing direc- 

 tions are strictly followed, many delicate and val- 

 uable exotics may be introduced fromdistant re- 

 gions. 



Tlioro is one fact that should be strongly im- 

 pressed on the minds of our rulers, and all who 

 are solicitous to ameliorate the condition of their 

 fellow citizens, by introducing productions of the 

 vegetable kingdom from other quarters of the 

 globe, wilh the view of their becoming valuable 

 staples, or innocent luxuries. Wc arc informed 

 by the classical historian Gibbon, that " the olive, 

 in the western part of the old world, v.-as the com- 

 panion as well as the symbol of peace. Two cen- 

 turies after the fouuJation of Rome, both Italy 



■{leiaW 



[We are compelled to substitute a desert] 

 of Nos. 9 and 3, in lion of the drawings. 



No. 2 — Repiesents a cask, filled half way up 

 with suitable earth ; and above that as many 

 staves taken ont, or open spaces left, as to give 

 free access to air for the growing plants ; three 

 hoops at top, and a close lid, on hinges to be shut 

 down or left open, as occasion may require. 



No. 3 — An oblong square box, vrith handles at 

 each end, and fixed hoops turning over the topfe 

 support a net work.] 



ON THE CULTURE OP SILK. 



Continued from page 315. 



In preparing the little cabins for the worms, yo8 



must make choice of such ■ small brush-woflj 



as is bushy at the tops, as already mentioned ; 



lie bt 111 

 Ike tio 



d Africa were strangers to that useful plant ; in arranging them you must intermix the tops^j 

 it was naturali7.ed in those countries, and at length them with each other, which will render tbaf 

 carried into the heart of Spain and Gaul. The thicker in the heads, but taking care always ^ 



timid errors of the ancients that it req-ired a cer- 

 tain degree of heat, and could only flourish in the 

 neighborhood of the sea, were insensibly exploded 

 by industry and experience." 



When inquiring after the most suitable locali- 

 ties for the successful cultivation of the Corinthian 



leave little openings betwixt the twigs, so as the 

 passage for the worms may not be stopped, which 

 is attended with this advantage, that itaftbrdsa 

 greatniany little places proper for the worms Ip 

 form their cocoons in. When the heads of the 

 brush-wood are too thin, the worms find theitt' 



those districts still in possession of the Greeks : vine, wo first turn to Florida ; and from tlie briet selves at a loss to fix themselves, and spend a grea 



hend no difficulty in obtaining them from the i first anniversary in January last, which I have 

 Ionian islands, especially -throush the medium of jjust had the pleasure to peruse, I feel persuaded 

 the officers of the navy of the United States, who that there can be no reasonable doubt but the Co- 



in which case a favorable opportunity now occurs j information of the climate, soil and productions, j deal of their strength in ranging from branch to 

 for obtaining plants by the ships that are taking j obtained from a very able address by Col. James j branch, to find a proper place for them. In pla- 

 out supplies for that distressed people. But if Gadsden, delivered before the " Florida Institute ] cing your brush-ivood, you must order it so that the 

 'hey cannot be procured from thence, I appre I of Agriculture, Science and Antiquities," at their i bottom parts of it shall stand as close to one an- 



' ' -'-'-'- ' ' other as passible, that the worms in groping about 



may every where find bushes to cling to. In us- 

 ing many kinds of brush-wood, where the tops 

 are very bushy, this will of course put the bot- 

 toms at a distance from each other. But these 

 vacancies you must fill up with little twigs, for 

 the purpose above mentioned ; to wit, that the 

 worms may every where find branches to crawl 

 on. 



When you put up the brush-wood betwiit two 

 baskets, that is, when there is one basket placed 

 over th? head of another, as is always the case on 

 the stage, you have only to cut the branches of 

 an equal length with one another, but about eight 



have shed additional lustre on their characters, 

 by an ardent zeal to benefit their country, uni- 

 formly manifested in their exertions to introduce 

 rare vegetable and animal productions from for- 

 eign climes. 



rinthian raisin will afiford a very important and 

 profitable staple to that country. Spring frosts 

 are the worst enemy this vine has to contend with. 

 It has often suffered by them in the Morea, pnd 

 "'ill probably he the greatest obstacle to its cul- 



Owing to the lenstli of passage from Greece, |turo in this country, in situations not protected by 

 and the limited season proper for cnftitifrs or tnk jthe sea air, extending as far north, perhaps, as lat- 

 ing up plants, no dependence can be placed on ,itude 39. But this danger may be easily guarded 

 them, unless they are prepared to come in a /rrow- ' against by a simple covering of mats or straw, for 

 inpr stale ; and that method is not attended with ja few nights. On the whole, I think w<~ may as- 

 the difficulty and risk generally supposed. I have jsumi? the position, that on a congenial soil, in any 

 had the alive, the fig;, and vine so brought from; section of our country where the Jis: or Muscat^ or nine inches longer than the distance betwixt 



Lf ehorn, that arrived in flourishing condition, on grape of Frontignac will ripen, there is strong en 



board a vessel not exceeding 150 tons. Layers of coiirngcment to attempt the cultiv.ition of the Co- 



the vine may be taken up at any season, without nntbian raisin. 



injury, if they are planted directly in such soil as I remain, dear sir, 



thev were taken from. The process is perfectly ) Very cordially, yours, 



simple, an' there always can be found among the | S. W. POMEROY. 



crew of an American ship, sailors who are able to' P. S. Enclosed herewith are drawings of three 



perform all the needful operations. Take a pro- receptacles, of different constructions, for convey- 



vision or flour barrel, and fill in about twelve or ing plants by sea, that were recommended by that 



the two baskets ; then resting the bottom part 

 upon the undermost, you bend the top in a curve 

 downwards, either entirely to one side or to both, 

 as the bushyness of the brush-wood will allow of 

 it. The ranges are made across the breadth of 

 the basket, at the distance of about eighteen or 

 twenty inches from each other, so that you may 

 easily put in your hand from one side lo the other, 

 to enable you to clean the intervals from time to 



