»aj« 



Vol. 5 No. .V2. 



i^EW ENGLAND I ARiMEll. 



411 



TREES FOR PLANTING BY PUBLIC 



ROADS, AND FOR HEDGES. 

 M. Hcnipol, ill llie Memoirs of the Poniologicil 

 tjieif jciety of .Mienbourg (vol. I.) rccomnieuils the 

 fiicj ne, the l:oise-chesmit, the oa'i, the beech, t'le 

 rch, the common ai-ncii, and the ditrercnt spe- 

 cs of pines ami lirs. These lie would plant in 

 le rows where the .soil is ^ood, and in doub'c 

 ws where it is indilVerimt, or the situation bloat, 

 ut he greatly prefers planting fruit trees, and 

 ould form all public roads into avenues of sweet 

 lesnuls, aalniits, gcans, cherries, pears, apples, 

 e. or a mi.\ture of these, according to the soil, 

 iinate, and cxpo.-inio. Where it is practicable 

 e would plant a row of apples and pears next the 

 )ad, and another row of chcsniits and walnuts 

 ur vards distant from these ; tlius forming a sort 

 suninier avenue .»n each side of the main road, 

 protect the traveller from the sun and the rain, 

 low sheltered situations, where the direction 

 the road was ca?t and west, he would plant 

 alnuts, cherries and pears on the north side, and 

 )W trees, such as apples and mulberries, the lat- 

 :r to be pollarded for the silk-worm, on the south 

 ;de, as not impeding the sun's rays from drying 

 le roads after rain. This enthusiastic Pomelo- 

 ist would even tiiru the field hedges into sources 

 f fruit ; where hawthorn hedges already exist, 

 e would cut them down and graft their roots cn- 

 e-deu.r terres, (a few inches under ground) with 

 ears and services ; on the sloe he would grafl 

 lums of different sorts ; crab-tree hedges hi 

 •ould turn into hedges of good sorts of apples : 

 nd where hedges were to be planted, nb origine, 

 e would oblige under severe penalty, all propric- 

 ors and orcupiers of land to use the commoner 

 orts of plums. But in certain situations he woull, 

 owever, admit of the elder, filbert, barbery and 

 ■thcr fruit bearing plants, provided circumstances 

 vere unsuitable for plums, and pears. As hedges 

 or sheltering gardens, he will allow of nothing 

 ut espaliers of fruit trees or fruit shrubs, or bods, 

 r double rows of raspberries. — Loudon. 



clover is made to grow by strewing pcarl-nslies | flown, in order to see how the old ones acted. I 

 on peal marshes." — Bulletin Uiiivcrscl. j saw them fly from branch to branch, and pick from 



; 'I'C curled leaves the caterpillars, with which thev 



SUUSTITUTK FOR MULBERRY LEAVER, ile.v to their young to fee'd tl.em. From these 

 DrStorlerol Bavaria has found that the leaves considerations, it is my opinion, that should the 



of Acer tartaricum, a hardy tree, common in the 

 iiur.sorics, may not only bo subsliuiied for, but are 

 even preferred, by silk-worms to those of the mul- 

 berry ; and M. Mat. Boiiafous of Touriii, alter a 

 great many experiments, ascertained tliat the ut 



ardener, instead of pursuing a system of indis- 

 criminate warfare against the feathered tribe, 

 avail himself of the services of these useful allies, 

 ho might, with their exertions and his own united, 

 soon ri<I himself of those insects that have hither- 



most which can bo eflected by substitulea is the j to set his efforts at deliance."— Co/. Mem. in. 33.3. 



sustenance of the worms for a few days. The , _ 



leaf of the bramble, (roncc, Fr. rubus, Lin.) main- ! EMPLOYMENT OF TIME. 



tained them till the second change, but did not: -\ I'erson takes up some useful or agreeable 

 enable them to produce their cocoons. The dan- ' ''°°'» every morning at breakfast, and at the end 

 delioii sustained them till the fourth change, when i '^^ ^^'^ J'^^r has spent agreeably, and wo may say 

 the leaves of the niulbcrry were substituted, with- 1 P'"°'''^'''yi -IS many half hours as will come to 

 out which thoy would not have been able to pro- i '"^^''y lliree weeks; another aUvays takes up 

 (luce their silk. The leaves of Myagrum sativum, ' " Latin grammar, and a Janua Linguarum in the 

 an annual plant, cultivated in the north of Italy for I same intervals, and at the end of the year has ac- 

 its seeds to be crushed for oil, sustained the worms \ <l"'ied a tolerable knowledge of Latin. Thus yon 

 sixteen days, after which many of them perished, ^<^° ''''■>' whether a young man shall know two or 

 1 but a number of them revived on being supplied '^reo languages besides his mother tongue, and 

 |vvitli mulberry leaves. On analysing the leaves of sometliing of natural history and philosophy, may 

 the mulberry, he finds they contain a sweet sub- M'^P^'J on the seeming trifling circumstance of 

 stance, which serves as nourishment, and a resin-! ^°^^ ''° spends the few spare minutes at the bc- 

 our matter, which he considers as serving for the S'li'ig and ending of his meals, from the age of 

 formation of silk; and he suggests to chemists ' ^'f'^®" '° t^^'enty-five. 



the composition of a vegetable material combining j — 



these two properties, to be used as a substitute | . -^''^ ^«""'«;' Tunnel. — The large timber raft 

 for feeding silk-worms, in the same way as lin-j '"'ended to lie on the bed of the river, over the 

 seed cake and rape cake are used for feeding cat- \ J'^"''' ^^'^^, '«^' <^°^^'n '■''te on Wednesday evening. 

 tie and isheep.—(BvL Univ.) It m.iy be of some j '-^''^ engine was set to work as soon as it was as- 

 vahie to those who are engaged in the culture of, <'-e'''^ined that the raft lay on the bottom, and 

 the silk-worm in this country to know, that the ' '■'"'^^'^ *'iey had succeeded in reducing the water 

 leaves of the bramble, and by analogy those of some five or six feet in the tunnel, it was discover- 

 tJie raspberry, and probably the whole of the Ru- I e*^ "'^' "" further attempts at reduction were 

 biacea>, may be made use of for that purpose. — j useless. It v/as then tried whether by stopping 

 The bramble abounds in many hedges, and in most , "'° working of the steam engine the height of 



nd "-''^ » ater in the tunnel and shaft, would increas- 

 j or diminish, and the result was gradual but unre 

 niitting increase. At an early hour yesterday, 

 one or two descents in the diving bell were made 



^.QUIVOCAL PRODUCTION OF PLANTS. 

 " It is undoubtedly a very remarkable phenome- 

 iGn, that the earth, when dug to the depth of 

 ight or ten feet or more, produces many sorts of 

 jlants, provided it is advantageously exposed to 

 .he sun ; but what is more extraordinary, is, that 

 this new vegetation frequently affords plants of 

 kinds which have never been remarked in the 

 country. It is natural to ask, whence came these 

 plants ? Can it be admitted that the seeds of 

 these new plants were contained in the several 

 kinds of earth? But could all those seeds, which 

 had been perhaps above three thousand years un- 

 der ground, without having ever been exposed to 

 the action of the sun, have preserved the power 

 of generating ? If we strew ashes on high and 

 arid heaths, we shall see some time afterwards 

 clover and vetches growing there, though these 

 two plants had never before been seen on those 

 places. Shall we believe that the seeds of the 

 clover and vetches were in the ground, and only 

 waited for a stimulus to germinate .' But how did 

 the seeds come there ? We know that high and 

 arid heaths never produce clover : it cannot there- 

 fore be considered as proceeding from a plant 

 which formerly grew there. But even did we ad- 

 mit the possibility that these kinds of earth may 

 contain clover seed, this opinion cannot be main- 

 tained in some parts of East Friesland, where wild 



oods on a dry bottom ; it is early in leaf, 

 continues growing till interrupted by frost. 



USEFULNESS OP BIRDS. 



P. Musgrave a practical gardener, who has ^^■'''' a ^'ew to see the cause of the failure, and 



treated the subject of vermin in a scientific man- ^^'^ Brunei the younger, reported that the raf^t did 



ner, has the following observation on this subject, "f''- ''" o" I'le bed of the river, that it had drifted 



" It is a too common practice amongst gardeners some distance from the leaky spot. Among the 



to destrcy without discrimination, the birds which 'nany proposed plans to obviate all danger, which 



frequent their gardens. This, in rny opinion, is '^''^ '^''"y forwarded to the Directors, one is to lay 



bad policy. Although I am aware some of the tarpaulins of sufficient size, and to deposit round 



kinds of birds are great enemies to some crops, it '''^ edges a quantity of clay bags to keep them 



certainly must bo a trifling crop indeed, that will water tight. 



not bear the expense of a person to watch it, or a ^'^^ learn from the latest papers, that Mr Bnj- 



net to protect it, until it is out of danger : thus "^1 has made a favorable report as to the late 



the gardener preserves the birds to perform a leaks in the Tunnel. — London pa. 



double office, — eating up the vermin from the 

 trees, and the seeds of weeds and eggs of insects 

 from the ground. I have often- stood and observ- 

 ed the male bird, while the female was sitting 

 upon her eggs or her young, fly to the spot with 

 his bill full of caterpillars to feed his mate or 



Fruit Trees. — The growth of weeds round fruit- 

 trees recently transplanted does them much injury, 

 and diminishes their fruit in size and quality. — 

 Sonnini in his Biblotheque Physico-economique 

 states, that to prevent this, the Germans spread 

 young ; and when the young ones become so I °" ^'^^ ground, round the fresh transplanted trees, 

 strong as to accompany their parents in quest of ^® ^^^ "^ *'^eir roots extend, the refuse stalks of 

 food, it is really astonishing the number of cater- "'''^ '^^'■'^^ '■'"' fibrous part has been separated.— 

 pillars they destroy. I can say, from my own ob- This gives them surprising vigour. No weed will 

 servution, that if it was not the case that the birds ^'"^ ""''er flax refuses, and the earth remains 



destroy a large number of caterpillars, our trees 

 in general would exhibit nothing but bare stumps, 

 for the insects would become as numerous as the 

 locusts of Spain and America. It is from that cir- 

 cumstance that we find so few flies in comparison 

 of the great number of caterpillars. I one day 

 followed a nest of young ox-eyes, which had just 



fresh and loose. Old trees, treated in the same 

 manner when languishing in an orchard, will re- 

 cover and push out vigorous shoots. In place of 

 the flax-stalks the leaves which fall from trees in 

 Autumn may be substituted, but they must be 

 covered with waste twigs, or any thing else tha( 

 will prevent the wind from blowing them away, 



