FARMERS' REGISTER— LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES. 



495 



All that remains now to be attended to is, as to 

 the best season for g:raftiiig the vine, and the best 

 manner of keeping tlie scions until that time. I 

 have generally succeeded best when I have graft- 

 ed late in the spring, and just before the buds of 

 the vine burst into leaves ; that is, when the sap is 

 flowing pretty freely. It is, however, a matter of 

 some im|)ortance, that the scions should have been 

 kept back, if possible, so that iheir buds are only 

 beginning to swell, and this must regulate tiie time 

 of grafting. The scions may be kept liack, and 

 their vegetating retarded, by burying them in as 

 cold a place as can conveniently be fbun;i — such as 

 the north side of a hill, of a house, fence, &c. ; in 

 short, where the ice and snow remain the longest. 

 A small trench, a few inches deep, is made — the 

 scions laid flat down in the bottom, and entirely 

 covered. I think a lietler way still, (one, how- 

 ever, which I never had an opportunity of trying,) 

 Avould be, to put them in a box of sand somewhat 

 moistened, and deposite the box in an ice-house. 

 The scions being thus kept l^ack, may be used for 

 grafting with complete success, so late as when the 

 vine for the stock is in full leaves. I have thus 

 grafted vines sent me by mail from the north as late 

 as June, and they grew well. 1 should always pre- 

 fer, however, to do it earlier, when it can conve- 

 niently be done. 



It is evident that by using the above means, the 

 nature and quality of a vine, or of a vineyard, can 

 speedily be altered; for many of the grafts bear 

 fruit the first year, and certainly, except in case of 

 accidents such as may affect all vines, the second 

 year. 



I am not aware that I have here omiltcd any 

 thing of material importance as to the best manner 

 of grafting the vine with success; and I wish it 

 may be fully tried, and the full benefits enjoyed by 

 all vvfho will take tlie little trouble the operation 

 requires. k. iierue.mo^t. 



P. S. From the experience T have of grafting 

 the vine, according to any of the modes here re- 

 commended, it may not he useless to repeat one 

 condition, which is very necessary to be kept 

 in mind to insure success, viz: That the operation 

 be performed as late as practicable, and only when 

 the buds of the scions have begun to swell, and 

 that these should be kept back by being buried, or 

 otherwise kept in as cold a place as can well be 

 selected. It does not matter that the stock is more 

 advanced; for if the buds had already pushed, and 

 had leaves fully expanded, jirovided the buds of the 

 scion or graft be not more forward than tlie begin- 

 ning of the swelling of the buds, the grafts will 

 most generally succeed. As to the mode by boring, 

 it may he only necessary to remark, that I never 

 gave it the preference, except when the stock was 

 too large to be conveniently cleft; and that in bo 

 ring, it is well to use a bit or other instrument that 

 cuts as smoothly as possible ; for a dull or rusty 

 gimlet makes, in green wood, a very ragged hole. 

 Care ought also be had that the shoulder left to the 

 scion, after having fitted it totiie hole, comes down 

 to the sawed and smoothed face of the stock. W ith 

 these precautions, I have very seldom failed ; and 

 many of my acquaintances have likewise generally 

 succeeded, though failures by this mefhotl is rather 

 more frequent than by the cleft. I do not even 

 think it necessary to cover the stumps and lower 

 part of the graft, as I have formerly recommend- 



ed, with prepared clay ; but merely to return ihe 

 earth to its place, and raise it so as to form a small 

 hillock, according to tiie height of the bud, wiiich 

 should be at least half an inch above the ground; 

 for the cut-worm is very fond of eating the young 

 slioot as it begins to grow. The earth should be 

 pressed gently all round the graft. It may be Vvcll 

 to oliscrve that scions for hole grafting, should be 

 selected of the ripest wood, and with as small a 

 pith as possible. n. h. 



I'ERFORMAKCE OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES OX 

 RAILWAYS, WITH DIFFERENT GRADES, 

 LOADS AND VELOCITIES. 



From the Rail Pioad Journal. 



We have lieen politely furnished by Cf)lonel 

 Long, with the following tables and explanations, 

 showing the performance of engines of different 

 capacities, on difTerent grades, at different veloci- 

 ties and with different loads, which we submit to 

 our readers without having had leisure to examine, 

 or even to read them. They will, however, lose 

 none of their value on that account, as the source 

 Irom whence they come will insure them attention. 



Tx\ELE I. — Peiform.ance of a four ton engine on 

 diiferent grades, at different speeds, and with dif- 

 ferent loads. • 



Table II.- — Performance of a five ton engine on 

 difTerent grades, at different speeds, and with dif- 

 ferent loads. 



Table III. — Performance of a six ton engine on 

 different grades, at different speeds, and with dif- 

 ferent loads. 



Explanations of the Tables. 

 The computations exhibited in the foregoing ta- 

 ides, relate to the peilbrmanceof engines of differ- 

 e;it weight, and to various other circumstances 

 intimated in the titular heading of each table. 



The vertical column, headed col. l,exhilu'ts the 

 rale of speed in miles per hour for which the com- 

 putations j)roviile. The other columns headed col. 

 I 2, to col. 11, inclusive, exhibit the grade of the 



