496 



FARMERS' REGISTER— ROT IN COTTON— LONG-LEAVED PINE. 



road, ascending;, in feet per mile, tofrelher with 

 the <:;ross load expressed in tons and parts, that 

 may he conveyed u|)\vard, at the various rates of 

 speed presented in col. 1. 



The statements are exhiiiited in series runnin<r 

 from left to ria;ht, throuffh all the columns of tlie 

 tables, and are numbered from 1 to 5 on the left of 

 each table The dilTorent statements relate to the 

 different rates of speed exhiln'ted in col. 1, varying 

 from a speed of 2 or 3 miles per hour, which is de- 

 si<rnated in the tables as " slow," to a speed of 20 

 miles per hour. 



The steam pressure or elasticity contemj)laled in 

 all the computations, is 30 ])ounds to the square 

 inch; tlie elfective force of which, in producint;; 

 locomotion, at the lowest rales of speed, is estima- 

 ted at r>S 1-3 per cent, of that pressure. 



The series of statements desig;naied No. 1, in 

 each of the tables, exhibits the elTective perfor- 

 mance as just mentidned, without reijard to the 

 condition of the road, with respect to the adiiesion 

 between the rails, and the wheels of the engine. 

 This performance can only be expected when the 

 road is in a condition to afford the requisite adhe- 

 sion. With the steam power here contemplated, 

 the wheels will be liable to slip on the rails, when 

 tiie latter are covered with mud, frost, or snow; 

 but in the best ^ate of tlie road, such a j)erforniance 

 may be effected. 



The other statements exhibit the efBciency of 

 the three classes of engines, which may safely be 

 counted on, in all states of the road and weather, 

 frost and snow exceptcil ; it being- always under- 

 stood that the road must be well made, and free 

 from abrupt curvatures. 



An inspection of the tables will show the loads 

 that may be drawn on a level ro:ul, at different 

 rates of speed, as also, the loads that may be drawn 

 upward on acclivities, and at different rates of 

 speed, and by traversing either table diagonally, 

 the approximate load that may be drawn on a road 

 of various grades from a level, to 45 feet per mile, 

 may be found ; for example, let it be required to 

 determine the load that may lie drawn upward on 

 a road varying in its grades, from a level to 45 

 feet per mile, by an engine weighing five tons. 



In Table No. 11, statement No. 2, and col. 11, 

 we have 13 tons drawn upwards, at the rate of 5 

 miles per hour, on an astent of 45 feet per mile. 

 In statement No. 3, and col. 10, of the same table, 

 we have 12.9 tons, or about 13 tons, drawn at the 

 rate of 10 miles per hour, up an ascent of 40 feet 

 per mile. In statement No. 4, col. 9, we have the 

 same load, at a speed of 15 miles per hour, up an 

 ascent of 35 feet {)er mile, and in statement No. 5, 

 col. 6, we have a little more than 13 tons, drawn 

 at the rate 20 miles per hour, up an ascent of 20 

 feet per mile. In the same table, we find in state 

 ment No. 1, col. 11th, that a five ton engine, w hen 

 the road is favorable, is able to draw up an ascent 

 of 45 feet per mile, 26 tons; and it may be readily 

 inferred, that it is ai)le to draw upwards on more 

 moderate acclivities, the same load, at increased 

 rates of speed. 



By an inspection of Table III, it will appear, 

 that a six ton engine is able to draw upwarcl, on a 

 road ascending, at the rate of 45 feet per mile, a 

 gross loid of nearly 33 tons at a slow speed, also 

 that with nearly the same load, viz: 32 tons, the 

 engine is able to travel at a speed of 20 miles per 

 hour on a level road. 



It should moreover be remarked, that all the 

 statements except No. 1, of each table, are consi- 

 derably within the limits authorized by the power 

 of adhesion between the w heels and the rails, even 

 in tlie worst state of the load, frost and snow ex- 

 cepted. 



OBSERVATIOIVS OJV THE ROT IN COTTON. 



From the .Southern Agriculturist. 

 Georgia, October 4, 1833. 



Dear Sir, — I have planted my whole crop of 

 cotton this year with Alvarado seed, and there is 

 no rot in it. I have read numerous essays in the 

 papers as well as those in your work, on the sub- 

 ject of I'ot in cotton. None of them are satisfac- 

 tory to me, or do 1 believe, to the public, for public 

 sentiment is still unsettled with regard to it. As 

 to an insect perforating the boll, I have never be- 

 lieved. Why in some latitudes do grapes blight 

 differently in different places.' Soil and difference 

 of culture produce a great difference in the same 

 neighborhood. I am now more satisfied than ever, 

 that the natural operation of soil, or climate, or 

 both combined more probably, on the plant, pro- 

 duce the disease. Why else is it that cotton from 

 these seed do not rot until three or four years. A 

 sufficient time for the constitution of the plant to 

 become changed by the influence of these causes. 

 If produced !iy an insect, why should they avoid 

 the bolls of Alvarado cotton, and prey exclusively 

 on the liolls of our common cotton in the same 

 field.' A fact ))roveable in every instance where 

 it has been tried, both here and in your state. 



If it be urged that there may possibly be some- 

 thing unj)alatalde to these marauders in the Alva- 

 rado, which is not in the other plant: — then it 

 proves the theory. But, sir, there is a marked dif- 

 ference in the growth of the cotton. The leaf of 

 the Alvarado is more delicate, and there appears 

 fewer of them on the stock, which ap|)earance is 

 probably produced by the more delicate develope- 

 ment of the leaf I am inclined to believe, that 

 the effect of our soil and climate is to produce a 

 larger and more luxuriant foliage, which shading 

 the fruit too much, produces the disease. In Caro- 

 lina, some of your planters have been planting 

 this cotton for four or five years, and they can say 

 whether this alteration takes place in that soil. 



I have thrown out these hints to you, that you 

 may, if you see proper, and judge them of suffi- 

 cient import, place them in such light before the 

 puldic, as will call their attention to the subject. 

 Having a cotton plant among us exempt from this 

 disease, offers a fair field for investigation to the 

 inquiring and observing mind, and increases the 

 probability of arriving completely at the truth. 



Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 



[Will some southein sulMcriber state more particu- 

 laily, what is the Alvarado cotton, and whence it lyas 

 first procured?] — Ed. Far. Reg. 



RE-MARKS ON THE LONG-LEAVED PINE. 



From the Southern Agriculturist 



Newbeni, (N. C.) September 1833. 



Dear Sir, — In the 9th number of the present 



volume, " An Inquirer," proposes to cultivale, for 



domestic use, the long-leaved pine, and in order to 



propagate it, he proposes to *' strew the old fields 



