Vol. I —No. 1. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



Only 10 — and only 3 seres of land to each in- 

 habitant. 



France.deprivedof her West India colonies, 

 has undertaken to extract sugar from beets. — 

 But the grape vine is her boast, and of which 

 she is more proud than of her Bourbons. Her 

 Wines diffuse nourishment, health and tempe- 

 rance among her population. It is worth a 

 passing remark to say VY ine countries enjoy 

 more temperance, than those countries that 

 substitute alcohol for wine. 



It is a singular ard pecaliar fact, that these 

 various and impoitaut improvements in the e- 

 conomy of nations, havo been achieved more 

 by the efforts of enterpnzing and patriotic in- 

 dividuals and at their private expense, than by 

 all the public authorities and revenues of the 

 got erntnents under which they have lived. 



England has been highly gified with a nu- 

 merous list of those worthy individuals, among 

 whom some of the most prominent are Arthur 

 Young, John Bakewell, Humphrey Davy, John 

 Sinclair, and Thomas Andrew Knight, who is 

 now the President of the London Horticultural 

 Society; whose profound science invegotable 

 physiology, and whose singular improvements 

 in cross-breeding the several varieties among 

 the same species of fruit and vegetables (as the 

 former characters had done with animals) will 

 consecrate his fame to posterity, equal with the 

 warrior Wellington. 



In America we have a number of men of tal- 

 ents who are engaged in diffusing Horticultural 

 science, blessing their country with their la- 

 bors, and who will in turn obtain the gratitude 

 of an enlightened people. 



The moat pro-eminent of those isJUaj. J. Ad- 

 'ura of the District of Columbia, a veieran of 



PRUNING. 



This is the season of the year when farmers 

 often take it upon them to prune their orchards. 

 This is a bad practice and should be discontin- 

 ued. It is desirable, when a limb of a tree is 

 cut off, to have the new growth cover the 

 wound as soon as possible. When trees are 

 pruned in winter, by the action of the san and 

 air upon the parts cut, the wood, to a small 

 distance, becomes dried, with the balk firmly 

 attached to it, and all circulation of sap per- 

 leclly suspended. It requires some years, more 

 or less, according to the size of the limb, be- 

 fore the young wood can break through the old 

 bark in order to cover the wound. Never prune 

 until the sap begins to circulate freely in the 

 BpriBg, or until the tree is in leaf. At this 

 time the bark is loose from the wood, and the 

 elaborated juice of the tree will be seen pro- 

 jecting from between tho bark and wood, for- 

 ming a lip which is covered with a thin bark 

 which continues to extend and soon covers the 

 wound. 



As to nurseries, when you approach them be 

 careful to keep your knife in your pocket. — 

 There has been nine nurseries spoiled by over 

 pruning to where one ever suffered for the 

 want of it, I know it is easier work to prune 

 a small tree than to dig about it. Whoofyou; 

 would ever think of fattening your horse by 

 brushing without feeding him, or that he could 

 digest his food without his stomach; but it 

 would be equally natural to trim and brush him 

 after he was in flesh before taking him to mar- 

 ket. So with trees. Many of the elements 

 nf nutrition are taken ap by the roots; but the 

 leaves are as essential to the elaboration of 

 those elements as the stomach of a horse is to 

 the digestion of bis food— without these either 



t0 years; who alter many years of effort and i, 



. , , , - , . y would perish: but when trees have attained a 



experiment, has achieved the science and sini- ' 



phtied tlie art of making American Wine from 



native grapes with such masterly tact as fully 



equals the best of our imported wines, even 

 that of the celebrated Tokay ; and in a man- 

 ner that will supercede our further importation 

 of foreign grape vines, and eventually of wines. 

 In 20 years bo will become tho reputed, and 



esteemed Father of American wines. 



Next to him in order is the Messrs. Prince, 

 Jesse Buel, D.Thomas, Floy, Parmenlicr, Lou 

 bat, and others. The last named are residents 

 of our State. 



As new and as novel as the suggestion of an 

 Horticultural Society is to us ; as inexperienced 

 and untaught as we are in its science ; as in- 

 competent as we feel ourselves to imitate mid 

 equal the example of these worthies of their 

 age and country, — yet we are favored with a 

 prospect of at least a partial success in our un- 

 dertaking, by the goodness of our climate, suil 

 and location. Our soil is mostly a warm, light, 

 pliable and fertile loam, the chosen kiud for 

 gardens and fruit orchards. Tho marine at- 

 mosphere of Lake Ontario renders our climate 

 nearly as temperate as that of Now York aud 

 Long Iiland ; and our village market promises 

 a rensonable remuneration for a part of otlf la- 

 bors ; to be divided between profit and enjoy- 

 ment. 

 _ Gentlemen, shall we attejnpt the Un.de.rta- 



In bthalf of the Corrrmiuee. 



. J. IlA\VL-nY. 



RocheSTe^ 2Qfh Scjpt, 1^ * 



ufficient size for sale, it is well to give such 

 pruning as may give a desirable shape to the 

 tops, and this should be done one year before 

 transplanting. 



HINTS TO FARMERS, 



Nevee feed potatoes to stock without boil- 

 in" or steaming, as this increases their nutri- 

 tive qualities. 



Grind your corn with the cobs — it is better 

 feed ami pays Well for the trouble. 



One bushel of flax-seed, ground with eight 

 bushels ofoats, isbetterfor horsesthan sixteen 

 bnshels of oats alone, and will effectually de- 

 stroy the bolts. 



Never burn nil dry wood inyourfire place — 

 nor iu o a firo pluce when you can get a stove. 



Cut your trees for rails in winter, as they are 

 more durable. 



Nover dew ret your flax or homp, unless you 

 wish to render it worthless. 



Never select your seed corn from the ciibi 

 but from the stalk. 



Never feed out your best potatoes and plant 

 the refuse — nor sell your best sheep and keep 

 the poorest. 



A fat ox is worth more than a poor horse, 



TERMINOLOGY. 



As we wikh to cultivate a taste for the pur 

 suits of Agriculture and Horticulture with all 

 classes, and a great part of our readers will ho 

 farmers, plain, honest and unlettered, we hope 

 the initiated will not think it lost time if we : 

 in each number, give a short vocabulary of 

 terms, all of which must be cnore or less used 

 in the course of our pursuits in these arts: 



Seedling — a natural stock, growing fronj,lbe 

 seed. 



Stock — that part of the tree opoa whiob tne 

 cion or bud is set. 



Cion — a limb or twig of the tree intended to 

 be graftod on the stock. 



Bud or Gem— the germ of tlie new leaf or 

 flower. 



Layer — that part of a tree or vine which is 

 bent down and covered with earth till it takes 

 root. 



Slip — a limb or twig cut with one or move 

 buds, and stuck into the ground to take root. 



Suckers or Sprouts — young shoots that spring 

 up spontaneously from the roots of trees. 



Runners — a slender vine thrown off which a> 

 gain takes root like the strawberry. 



Bulbs — those plants in which are enclosed 

 the perfect plant, as the onion, garlic andtir.- 

 lip. 



Tubers — those with roots like the potatoe,. 

 artichoke, &c. 



wagon harness. 



Keep plenty of cows and bees as the surest 

 way of having milk and honey. Confine your 

 cows with gofri (JnStes, but let your bees go at 

 forge-. 



though he does not eat as much — and a yoke 



and chain can be bought for less money than a| l0 ,| )e ; r p i ace f destination, may be put in the 



CIONS. 



I am frequently inquired of, as to the proper 

 season for cutting Cions for Gralting, to which 

 inquiries my reply is, " at any time when 

 you find a kind of fruit you wish to cultivate." 

 There is no season of the year at which cions 

 may not be taken and transported two or three 

 hundred miles, if done with care, and he iu 

 condition for Grafting or Inoculating. 



As winter is the season when farmers do 

 most of their travelling, visiting their friends, 

 &c, it oilers greater opportunities for them to 

 collect Cions of choice fruits than any othei 

 season of the year. But then opportunities 

 are often neglected, under the impression that 

 cions should be cat in February, and even at 

 that period many think that stone fruit cannot 

 bo grafted. To correct these errors a few di- 

 rections may be acceptable. 



Wcon yeu find a variety of fruityou wish to 

 cultivate, procure some Cions of the kind — it 

 in summer, select strait, healthy shoots of the 

 present year'a growth, of such length as shall 

 suit your convenience for carrying ; let them 

 he done np in a wet linnen cloth and carried in 

 such a manner as not to be bruised. Budding 

 may bodone any time during the summer when 

 the bark will part from lite stock freely, whira'i 

 it will generally do from June until the last o 4 - 

 August. It is not essential that the bark 

 should part from llie wood of the cion as the 

 bud may be inserted with the wood attached 

 to it — after the season ofbudding is past, cions 

 cut in autumn should be cut with a few inchet 

 of the preceding years wood, and when carried 



garden sticking the lower end or old wood u 

 few inches in the ground. If put in the cellar 

 they are very apt to be destroyed by rats or 

 mice — cions may be kept in this way (or graft- 

 ing until June. Apples, feats". plumliSj chei 



