Vol. I. —No. 3. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



19 



a sow to have lier lore fool and head cut or!, 

 on conviction of having caused serious injur) 

 to a child. The execution look place in front 

 of the city hail, and cost 10 sous G deniers — 

 the animal having heen previously dressed ir. 

 the habit of a man. In I3S9, a horse was 

 .'ikrwise cocdemued to death for having killed 

 his master. Not to go so far back — Gaspan! 

 Bailey, an attorney at law in Chamberry,pub 

 lished in 1668, a treatise, ex prnfesso upon 

 ibis species of suits, in which he gave the for 

 inula of subpoena, ofdefence, of judgment, &c 



" Among the manuscripts belonging to the 

 royal family, there is oue containing the origi- 

 nal of a judgment pronounced by the judged 

 Jjavignv in Bourgogne, against a sow witij 

 lier six pigs, which had committed homicide 

 upon the person of a child 5 years old, named 

 Jean Martin. The following are a few of the 

 passages of this important sentence : 



"After haling considered the case and heoro 

 the testimony, having consulted the customs 

 and usages of Bouigogne, and considering 

 ourselves in the presence of God, we condemn 

 John Bailli's tow to be confiscated and deliv 

 ered to the executioner, to be hung by the 

 neck untill she 6hall be dead ; and with refer- 

 ence to the pigs, as it has not been clearh 

 proved that they had any participation in the 

 crime, we deter sentence upon them, and con 

 sent that they be restored to the said John 

 Bailli, he giving security for their appearance, 

 should theirguilt be made manifest hereafter." 

 A reference to a report of the case shows that 

 the little pigs were afterwards honorably ac 

 quitted. 



" The Frenob Parliament showed itself not 

 less wise in this respect, than the provincial 

 courts. One of its sentences in 1604, con- 

 demned an ass to be hung and burnt; and 

 previously in 1466, it confirmed a sentence of 

 the judge of Corbeil, sentencing a man and a 

 hog, who were executed together. Examples 

 of this kind might be greatly multiplied — oue 

 especially of Sardaigne, might be considered 

 still more outre. We must defer our case to 

 our next rejjort.'' 



The atmosphere btiing heated by the sun in 

 different climates, and in the same climates at 

 different seasons, communicates to the surface 

 of the earth, and to some distance below it, the 

 degree of heat and cold which prevails in itself. 

 Different vegetables are able to preserve life 

 under different degrees of cold, but all of them 

 perish when the cold which reaches them is 

 extreme. Providence has therefore, in the 

 coldest climates, provided a covering of snow 

 for the roots of vegetable?, by which they are 

 protected from the influence of the atmosphe 

 lie cold. The snow keeps in the internal lieat 

 of the earth which surrounds the roots of ve- 

 getables und defends them from the cold of 

 the atmosphere, — Eve. Ag. 



ON UNFERMENTF.D MANURES. 



In favor of the application of farm yard dung 

 in » recent state, a great mass of facts may be 

 found ill the writings of scientific agricultur- 

 ists. 



A. Young, in an essay on manures, ad- 

 duces a number of excellent authorities in sup- 

 port of the plan. Many who doubted, have 

 been lately convinced, and perhaps there is no 

 subject of investigation, in which there is such 

 a union of theoretical and practical evidence. 



Within the last seven years, Coke (the Nor- 

 folk farmer) has entirely given up the system 

 formerly adopted on his farm, of applying fer- 

 mented dung; and his crops have been as good 



the Bolmer'n Washington plumb, and has yield- 

 ed but hale short ..>f $'M per annum for the 

 la»t three years. — .V. E. Fainter* 



CHLORIDE OF LIME. 



The annexed passage of a letter, writ 

 ten by Dr. Sproston, of the Erie sloop 

 of war, while serving in the West Indies, 

 is printed among the documents accom- 

 paning the latest annual report from the 

 Navy Department : — 



"Since the date of my last, the use of 

 the chloride of lime, as therein mention- 

 ed, has been steadily persevered in on 

 board of the ship and in conjunction with 

 other judicial measures of the health po- 

 lice, adopted since the commencement 

 of the summer, has procured for us un- 

 der Providence an exemption from epi- 

 demic disease Tliat it lias done so, is n 

 more strongly corrobora ive of its effica- 

 cy than might se :in apparent, were I not 

 to menlion, that, during the first six 

 months of our service on the West In- 

 dia station, many circumstances in rela- 

 tion to the climate, the »hip, and the 

 crew conspired with great force towards 



since as they ever were, and his manure goes 



nearly twice as far. A great objection against !l the production of general disease 



i, .L.I.. c I J :~ «u_. 1. _: lot 



! Such were in the early months, much 



THE USE OF SNOW TO THE VEGETABLE KING 

 DOM. 



Were we to ju.lgs from appearances only 

 we might imagine that so far from being use- 

 ful to the earth, the cold humidity ofsuounvould 

 be detrimental to vegetation. But the experi- 

 ence of all ages asserts the contrary. Snow, 

 particularly in those northern regions, where 

 the ground is covered with it for several months 

 fructifies the earth by guarding the corn, or o 

 ther vegetables, from the intense cold of the 

 air, and especially from the cold and piercing 

 winds. It has been a vulgar opinion, very ge 

 nerally received that snow fertilizes ihe laud 

 ■ in which it falls more lino rain, in consequence 

 of the nitrous ^-alts which it is supposed to ac- 

 quire in freezing. But it appears from ihe 

 experiments of Magraff in the year 1731, that 

 the chemical difference between rain and snow 

 water is exceedingly small; that the lattor 

 contains a somewhat less proportion of earth 

 than the former, but neither of them contain 

 either earth, or any kind of salt, in any quan- 

 tity, which can be sensibly efficacious in pro- 

 moting vegetation. The peculiar agency of 

 snow, as a fertilizer, in preference to rain, may 

 be ascribed to its furnishing a covering to the 

 roots of vegetables, by which they are guard- 

 ed from the influence of atmospheric cold, and 

 the internal heat of the earth, is prevented 

 from escaping. The internal parts of the 

 earth are heated uniformly to the fifty-eighth 

 degree of Fahrenheit's thermometer. This de 

 gree of heat is greater than that in which the 

 "watery juice of vegetables freeze, and it is 

 propagated from the inward parts of the earth 

 io the surfa-ee on which the vegetables grow. 



slightly fermented dung, is, that weeds sprin. 

 up more luxuriantly where it is applied. If 

 there are seeds carried out in the dung, they 

 certainly will germinate ; but it is seldom that 

 this can be the case to any extent, and if the 

 land is not cleaned of weeds, any kind of ma ■ 

 nure, fermented or unfermented, will occasion 

 their rapid growth. In cases where farmyard 

 dung cannot be immediately applied to crops, 

 the destructive fermentation should bo preven- 

 ted as much as possible. The surface should 

 be defended as much as possible from 'he oxy- 

 gen of the atmosphere ; a compact marl, or a 

 tenaceousclay offers the best protection against 

 the air.and before the dung is covered, it should 

 be dried as much as possible. If the dung is 

 (bund to heat strongly, it should be turned over 

 and cooled by exposure to the air.— Agricultu- 

 ral Encyclopedia. 



SIGNS OF A GOOD FARMER. 



His corn land is ploughed in the fall. He 

 ieldom lets his work drive him. Has a cook 

 ing stove, with plenty of pipe to it. The 

 wood lots he possesses are fenced. His slec! 

 is housed in summer, and his cart, plough, and 

 wheelbarrow, winter and summer, when not 

 in use : has as many yoke of good oxen as he 

 has horses : does not feed his hogs with whole 

 grain : lights may he seen in his house before 

 break of day in winter; his hog-pen is board- 

 ed inside and but : has plenty ol weeds and 

 mud in his yard in the fall : all his manure is 

 carried out from bis buildings and barn-yard 

 twice each year, and chip dung once — his cat- 

 tle are almost all tied up in the winter — he be- 

 gins to find that manure put on land in a green 

 state is the most profitable — raises three times 

 as man" turnips and potatoes for his stock, as 

 he doo for his f imily — has a good ladder rais- 

 ed ajainst the roof of his house — has more 

 lamps in his house than candlesticks — has a 

 house on purpose to keep his ashes in, and an 

 iron or tin vessel to take them up — has a large 

 barn and small house — seldom has more pigs 

 than cows — he fences before he ploughs, and 

 manures before he sows — h? deals more forj 

 cash than on credit. — Ncio England Farmer. 



ENCOURAGING TO CULTIVATORS OF FRUITS 



Mr. Samuel R. Johnson, of Charlestown,[ 

 Mass. has recieved this year $51, 36 for the 

 produce of a single plumb tree, in his garden, 

 this season, besides giving away considerable 

 of the fruit to Ms friends. The free produces 



rainy and boisterous weather ; afterwards 

 of excessive and continued heat, to a de- 

 gree unusual, even in the West Indies ; 

 the crowded, and impetfeclly ventilated 

 state of the hold < and birth deck : the la- 

 borious and harassing dulies of the crew, 

 their clothing illy regulated, with a small 

 allowance ofwater,and a paucity of those 

 comforts which are calculated to amelio- 

 rate the nature and effects of sea diet. 

 These and many other unfavorable cir- 

 cumstances existing during thefirst cruize 

 gave to the cases of fever, which occa- 

 sionally did occur, about forty in the 

 whole, a high grade of character, and pow. 

 erfully predispost-d to the developement 

 of general diaease. That epidemic ma- 

 lignant fever was not produced, I unhesi- 

 tatingly ascribe to the unremitted use of 

 chloride, and such other measures of pre- 

 caution as it was in the power of the me- 

 dical officers to adopt. On board of the 

 other vessels of this squadron, where the 

 chloride of lime has been used still hap- 

 pier results have boon obtained. I be- 

 lieve that a case of any description has 

 not occurred in any of them. On board 

 the Peacock, howeverthe chloride oflime 

 or chloride in any form, had not been u- 

 sed. Tiie higher order and supposed 

 general sweetness of ihis vessel, were 

 deemed to render it unaecessary. The 

 fact, therefore, stands in high relief, that 

 there has not yet occurred in our navy 

 an instance of malignant disease where 

 the chloride of lime has been steadily 

 used as a preventive. ,' 



We learn says the Buffalo Journal by a let- 

 ter received in this town from Lexington, Ky. 

 that John'J. Crittenden, Esq. Speaker of the 

 house of assembly, was chosen W. S. Senator 

 for that state on the 4lh inat. Mo nanieniars 

 were given. 



