30 



THE GENESEE EARMER. 



Jan. 29 1831. 



•his. I am selecting, from the vuods, and sbali 

 bye-and-bye be read.v to show the result. 



The river hills of the Hudson, from N. York 

 to Sandy Hill, will bye-and-bye have vineyards, 

 where now we find the wild vine, & the time 

 is coming when those hills, now thought of no 

 value, for agricultural purposes, will yield more 

 clear profit to cultivators, than all the alluvial 

 land of their valley. To produce all this, I 

 well know, must be a work of time. Our peo- 

 ple, however, taught by profitable experiment, 

 learn very rapidly, and act, greedy of gains, 

 prompt, ever readv. This characteristic leads 

 to excess of enterprize. sometimes ludicrous 

 enough, but then: can be little danger of raising 

 more grapes than can be sold, or made into 

 wine. That we can make as good wine, as is 

 made in any part of the world, and from our 

 native grapes, cultivated properly, no one can 

 doubt, unless an obstinate dunce, or some 

 thick skulled animal whose interest perverts 

 his reason. I have some bottled wine of my 

 own making, two years old. that is good 

 nough for any body, and so say the wine bib- 

 bers, who by-tho-by are not the best judges of 

 pure wine, sacli as this is. I should like to 

 send thee a bottle. 



BAROMETER 



Is derived from two Greek words, which 

 signify weight or gravity, and measure — to 

 measure or weigh the air, more commonly ter- 

 med a weather glass. It owes its origin to 

 experiments institated for the purpose of ex- 

 plaining a very mysterious phenomenon, viz : 

 That with a common pump, water could not 

 be raised higher than thirty feet. Much novel 

 speculation was thrown aronnd this curious 

 fact, and all as explanatory of the canse, but 

 nothing satisfartory ; when suddenly, and as 

 if by inspiration, Torricelli, a distiple of Ga- 

 lileo, communicate d the discovery in lG45,that 

 the air in which we moved with perfect free- 

 dom, and which was supposed to add levity to 

 every thing that contained it, was in fact an 

 immense body of ponderous matter, and that 

 notwithstanding the ease and elasticity that 

 acoompanied all our motions, and the freedom 

 with which it was inhaled, we were constantly 

 supporting on the surface of our bodies, the 

 enormous pressure of neatly eleven tons. 



This was pronounced gross heresy by many, 

 while some stood aghast in wonder. Finally, 

 all were convinced, for demonstration was ea- 

 sy ; and many years afterwards, the experi- 

 ments which proved this to be true, were the 

 admiration and wonder of the world. Princes 

 and Potentates were astonished at an experi- 

 ment which they saw performed by Guericke 

 of Magdeburgh, who took two hemispheres, 

 > hat exactly fitted eacli other, and having ck- 

 hausted them of air, so firmly were they connec- 

 ted by the pressure of the air which surroun- 

 ded them, and which, to all present, seemed 

 nothing, and le6s than nothing, that a force of 

 twelve horses was scarcely sullicient to sepa 

 rate them. Much curiosity was excited by 

 the development of ;his truth; philosophers 

 and chemists vied with each other in the fur- 

 ther examination of the properties of the in- 

 visible medium. It was soon suggested to the 

 celebrated Paschal, that by ascending, the air 

 would bo found lighter, and its pressure not 

 50 great. He therefore caused a barometer to 

 tie carried to the top of a high mountain, where 

 its extreme levity was so sensibly indicated, as 

 greatly t> astonish even himself. As they de 

 sconded, the mercury rose in the tube, and 

 Than at the bottom stood as bofore. 



. The principle upon which barometers are 

 formed is very simple, and may be illustrated 

 by filling a tumbler with water, and covering 

 it with a saucer, then suddenly inverting it, 

 when it will be found that the water remains 

 stationary in the tumbler The pressure of 

 air from above, is supported by the glass, and 

 exerts no effect upon the column of water 

 within, while it is prevented from escaping by 

 tbe pressure upon the small quantity in the 

 saucer. 



It in place of the tumbler, we substitute a 

 tube three feet in length, and for the water 

 employ quicksilver, we have a common baro- 

 meter. The mercury is employed for the ob- 

 vious reason, that its great specific gravity re- 

 quires a column of but thirty inches to coun 

 terpoise the air ; whereas, if water were used, 

 as many feet would be necessary to produce 

 the same result At the top of the column is 

 affixed a scale, four inches in length, which for 

 greater accuracy, is subdivided into tenths and 

 hundredths. 



At the level of the sea, the top of the mer- 

 curial column is at 30, by which is meant, 

 that from the surface in the saucer or basin, 

 to the top of the mercury in the tube, is thir- 

 ty inches. As we ascend from this level, the 

 mercury sinks in the tube, and on arriving al 

 tho top of the highest mountains, it falls to 

 twenty-seven inches. Hence the altitude of 

 any place above tbe level of the sea, is easily 

 calculated by this instrument, making some 

 deductions for changes of temperature, which 

 however affect it but slightly 

 It is found that immediately preceding violent 

 w nds and hurricanes, the mercury sinks very 

 suddenly; sometimes even to the lowest de- 

 gree on the scale, and when the Btorm is with 

 us, and raging with its greatest fury, the mer- 

 cury rises. All have observed the awful and 

 prophetic stillness that betokens a mighty and 

 not far distant commotion of tho elements, and 

 all have read of tbe dead calms that prevail at 

 sea, and on land, that are soon fo:lowed by an 

 overcasting of the sky, and which are too of- 

 i ten the precursors of desolating earthquakes. 

 These are tho occasions when the greatest de- 

 pressions are observed. 



Theheaviest air, and consequently the great- 

 est elevation of mercury in the barometer is 

 observed between tropics and in warm dry 

 weather. It is here proper to remark that a 

 very popular error exists among all classes ofi 

 men, as to the weight of the air. It is this, that 

 when smoke from chimnies is observed to do-i 

 scend to the earth, as ^also during the preva 

 lence of dense fogs, the air is said to be very 

 heavy; whereas, exactly the reverse Is true. 

 Generally, smoke and fogs are specifically 

 lighter than air, at the oarth's surf ace, and 

 consequently as soon as generated, they 

 ascend rapidly to the height of some thousand 

 feel, till coming in contact with a rarer medi- 

 um, they float promisoously, or are subject to 

 prevailing winds ; whereas, on extremely 

 light, atmosphere allows them, unoporaled up- 

 on, to remain quietly below. ' 



ROCHESTER PRICES CURRENT. 



Jan. 28. 1831. 

 Wheat — Our market has been well suppli- 

 ed with ihis article, during the week past, and 

 prices paid, such as to an-wer the expectations 

 of the farmers. On 'Tuesday, there was 

 brought in on sleighs, and sold, about fifteen 

 thousand bushels ; price— from one dollar oix. 

 to one doll, twelve and a half cents. 



Ashes per 2240 lbs 



Pot $91<z92 50 



Pearl 100O102 50 



Apples per bushel 25u44 



Do dried 75 



Bristles.comb'd per lb 20a31 

 Beeswax do 18a20 



Butter do IOol2 



Beef— Mess per bbl $8a9 



Do prime do 5a7 



Do fresh per lb 02 c o3, Mutton do 

 Barley per bushel 3s c 44 j >lustard Seed per bosh 

 Beans do 50o62|Oatfi per bush 



Mink 



Raccoon 



Martin 



Fisher 



Wild Cat 



Graj Fox 

 I ra>> Seed per bush 

 Hops per lb 

 Honey do 

 Lard do 



12a31 

 18a31 

 25o6i 

 37<j50 

 1 BOS! 

 18a2r> 



(J--' 

 12al5 



09 

 06a07 

 02o«! 



$4 



-: 



Candles, mould per lb 9 cts UUI Pewter, Brass and 

 Do dipped do 8 " I Copper per lb 14 



Do sperm do 28 " Teaches.dry'd bush lOOa-200 



Corn per bushel 44rt50jl'ork, mess per bbl $l2ol3 



Cheese per lb 04a05l Do prime 8a9 



Clover Seed per bush $4 50 Do fresh per lb 03nU4 

 Flour per bbl 5 50 Quills per 100 25o3D 



Flax per lb 07a08 Rye per bush 50 



Flaxseed per bush 78ao7'Rags per lb 03a01 



Feathers per lb 3la37,Salt per bbl $1 75 



Furs— Otter 100a400 Tallow per lb 06o07 



Fox, red .11)075' Wheat per bush 103al09 



Fox, cross 



100o200|Fuckwheat flour, cwt. $1 7." 



TERMINOLOGY. 



The weekly insertion of our little dictionary 

 of terms which are in general and common use 

 with those versed in the sciences of Agricul- 

 ture and Horticulture, we hope will need nc 

 exctrsc, as it is intended for the use of the tyre 

 rather than the adept; and intended to render in- 

 telligible all of tho subjects treated of in the 

 course of our labors. 



Ferennial— growing from year to year, like 

 tho tree or shrub, the maple, rose bush, <Vc. 



Annual— perfecting itself and its 6eeds in 

 one year, as corn, salads, cucumber. 



Biennial — perfecting itself in two year;, 

 as the thistle, carrot, cabbage. 



Deciduous — those trees that shed their leaves 

 in autumn — in contradistinction to evergreens 



Herbaceous — Distinguished from wood, the 

 herb. 



Esculent — eatables, vegetables, & roots. 



Succulent — Juicy, abounding in juice, a pul 

 py leaf. 



Scguminous — bearing pods, beans, peas, iy<c. 



Farinaceous — producing flour and starcl 

 wheat, rye. 



fusiform — Spindle shaped, tapering, as beet. 

 carrot. 



Parasitr .—growing out of another plan! 

 moss, misletoe. 



To Correspondents — C. D. in answer to 

 A. B. on spontaneous vegetation, from its 

 length, omitted till next week. 



" A Young Farmer," and several others, are 

 recoived and, shall have prompt attention. 



From iho Western Reserve Chronicle. 



We had the pleasure, a few days since, o' 

 receiving a fine ripe orange, from the garden 

 of J. P. K inland, accompanied with the to! 

 lowing note ; 



Mkssrs. Editors — Accompanying ibis | e (. 

 ter is a mature ami full grown Orange, the pro 

 duel ion ofa tree tlm' sprung from a sped, pian 

 led in March, 18iJ8. The seedling was budded 

 from a fruitful stock, in the following August 

 and in about ihree weeks was headed down 

 near to the inoculate. This put forth a growth 

 of font inches, the same season, and during the 

 summer of 182Si" attained the height!) of two 

 feel, it- luxuriant branches tm ruing a spreading 

 top. In March, 1830, (too years from ihe lime 

 the seed was planted, iV nineteen luvntlts front 

 the insertion of. the inoculate, it showed more 

 man one hundred and fifty blossom-buds. Dtj. 

 ring the month of May, it was literally a clus 

 ter of splendid fragrunt (lowers. Of the nt; 



