Vol. I.— No. 7. 



ANI> GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



requires largo quantities of salt ; at least JOOU 

 tons arc used fur this purpose, in England, ev 

 ory year, notwithstanding the enormous duty. 

 It is used in a variety of processes, in dyeing 

 and calico printing Glauber's salt is made 

 Irani what remains in tbo stills after the distil- 

 ation of muriatic acid. This residuum was 

 formerly thrown away, until a person employ- 

 ed it in making Glauber's salts, when a duty 

 of £30 per tun was laid on the article manu- 

 factured, since, however, remitted. Epsoro 

 salts are produced from salt, or the evapora- 

 tion of salt water. The brine, which yields 

 llil) tuns of salt, gives from 4 to 5 tons of this 

 valuable article. Dr. Henry, the celebrated 

 chemist of Manchester, has discovered a pro- 

 cess of prep ring it from raragoesian limestone, 

 and has reduced .the price of it one halt. It 

 can be made still cheaper from sea water, for 

 the employment of which, a iluty is laid.— 

 Magnesia is made from sail brine, or sea wa- 

 ter. The English duties are so high as to ren- 

 der it probable, that both this and the preen- 

 *ling article will in future be obtained by Hen- 

 ry's process, in magnesian limestone. Crystaii- 

 zed soda is alsi nude from common salt ; 

 and if the latter, or sea-water could be obtain- 

 ed free of duty, in England, it would super- 

 cede the importation of American or Russian 

 pot or pearl ashes, and 10,000 tons would bo 

 used annually, several hundred in washing a- 

 lone. Barylla, of an excellent quality, is made 

 from salt. Iu the manufacture of hard soap, 

 salt is a necessary ingredient. Corrosive sub 

 limate is made from salt. Patent yellow is 

 also prepared from common salt. In the fish 

 eries, in salting provision for the sea service, 

 and for exportation, salt is largely employed. 

 Butchers, morocco dressers, and shinners, em- 

 ploy it in large quantities. Farmers use great 

 quantities in making butter and cheese, and for 

 steeping wheat lo prevent smut, 

 v Salt is likewise empluyed by iron founders, 

 in mo'.alic cements, and in rendering bar iron 

 very malleable. It is used by white-smiths 

 and cutlers, in case-hardening, in tempering 

 files, and some other edge-tools, mixed with 

 other substances, for reducing meulic ores, 

 assaying minerals, and tendering metals fusi- 

 ble by the refiners of silver, and to prevent the 

 oxidizement of some metals. It is used to 

 moderate the flam ■ el' combustible bodies ; 

 and is extensively employed by the philosoph- 

 ical and manufacturing chemists, and by the 

 druggists, for a variety of pharmaceutical pur- 

 poses. Iu Horticulture, salt is much used, 

 particularly in England, where its merits are 

 better appreciated, than with us. It prevents 

 "thi j depredations of insects on fruit trees, and 

 when properly applied protects them from the 

 honey-dew. Persons ambitious of having good 

 cider orchards, should dig a small treuch a few 

 yards from each tree, and place within it a few 

 pounds of salt, which by the rains is gradually 

 conveyed to tiie roots, and produces most de- 

 sirable effects. 



FOB THE GENESEE FABMEIt. 



POTATO-ONIONS. 



These onions should be sot in rich ground, 

 ploughed shallow, as early as the spiing sea- 

 son ivill admit, in rows from ten to twelve in- 

 ches apart, and large onions set about nine in 

 dies apart, in the rows; each onion will pro- 

 duce from three to six large onions, and a clus- 

 ter of small ones, (from eight to tweivo in 

 number) resembling the top-onion seed in ap- 

 pearance, excepting their location being at the 

 bottom of the stocks, instead of the top.— 

 The small onions should be set in the same 

 manner as top-onion sets, in every respect, 

 and will produce about the same quantity ol 

 onions. The stalk produces no seed ol any 

 kind on the top, ihe increase being from the 

 bottom, from which peculiarity it derives its 

 name. I commonly set them in the ground 

 about the 0th of April, and between the 10th 

 and '20th of Jane plant cucumbers for pickling, 

 between the rows, and before the vines spread. 



the onions will be fully ripe, and should be 

 pulled, which will be from the 25lh of June to 

 the 5th of July, which is about six weeks ear- 

 lier than I can have top onions ri;,o. 

 PtnfiM, Feb. 8th. 1831. Si tiARRER. 



S£Z.£OTION:-3. 



mb. Sedgwick's address. 



We have received from the amiable author, 

 and have rend with great pleasure, an Address 

 delivered before the Berkshire Agricultural 

 Society, Oct. 7, 1830, by Theodore Sedgwick, 

 President of the Society. It bears throughout 

 ,he impress of his mind, anu everv sentence 

 exhibits a picture of the philanthropy of his 

 heart. We have annexed a few disjointed pa 

 ragraphs, in which every reader will perceive 

 the outpourings of the enthusiasm and kind 

 feeli'ig which hive characterized the man in 

 every stage of his life. — BoH. Cour. 



"The history of trade and manufactures 

 shows how arts are must valuable to mankind ; 

 what kind of artizans are most likely to pros- 

 per; and in a joung country the kind of new 

 business to be set on foot is well worthy the 

 attention of all those who are to enter into it, 

 1: has been observed in France, that the com- 

 mon laborers in gold, embroidery and lace are 

 ab olu'ely covered with rags. Prudent me- 

 chanics, in trades that are indispensable, flour- 

 ish of course. In Paris, botchers and bakers 

 are great owners of rea ] esfite. and the same 

 is true, to a good exient, in New York and 

 Boston. Peoile who deal in articles of mere 

 fashion and luxury lead a life of miserable un- 

 certainty and hazard every where. At one 

 time a mere change in fashion, from shoe buck- 

 les to shoe ribbons, became a severe blow to 

 Birmingham. 



" In one way alone can the world advance, 

 and that is by economy, by saving, by increas- 

 ing its property. Let a man be ever so rich, 

 there is no use in scattering money as foots 

 scatter it. There can never be too much abun- 

 dance in the world, never too many good 

 things. A man may be a miser, and then lie is 

 poor creature. But as to hoarding bis money 

 in the usual seme, ho cannot do it. Provi- 

 dence has provided against the folly of man in 

 this respect, unless be be quite an idiot, and 

 buries gold and silver. Even then, he can do 

 but little harm, for gold and silver make up but 

 a very small portion of the wealth of the world : 

 which generally cannot be buried. For what 

 is it ? Wo have seen that it is not gold and 

 silver alone. What is it then? Notes and 

 bonds? These are but the evidence of wealth: 

 they are mortgages, given by those who have, 

 in fact bought or borrowed ships, bouses, 

 lands, catile, &c. It is plain, then, that if 

 these things make up property they ean never 

 be hoarded. While the rich man is indulgin_ 

 in selfishness, these, his beneficent agents, are 

 e\er at work, or applied to some use. So far, 

 therefore from us being the interest of the 

 public, or the poor, that me rich man should 

 spend his money in any sort ef extravagance, 

 it is equdly their interest that he should be a 

 laborer willi Ins mind, or his hands — thereby 

 increasing the general fund, and enlarging that 

 capital, bv means of which alone the laboring 

 portion of the community are, or can be em- 

 ploved, or even exist. All unnecessary con 

 sumption of property, by either rich or poor, is 

 a dead loss to the whole. There is so much 

 less lo pay for roads, schools, houses, taxes, 

 food and drink. 



" It is observed by foreigners, that we are a 

 profuse people. They are most familiar with 

 our cities, and there observe our extravagance 

 in equipage, dress, and at our tables. They 

 are astonished by this profusion and do not 

 understand ii. In Europe, people of the same 

 relative fori unes, would be frightened at the 

 thought of living as we live. And that we live 

 like-- a wise people nobody can contend. — 

 Take city and country togethor, was ever so 

 much bankruptcy heard ol" to au.y couhtry : and 



for what? Elsewhere men fail because they 

 have lost a house, or a ship, or been unfortu- 

 nate in some other way. Here, four out of 

 five "fail for their expenses." It maybe tho'l 

 that a public speaker, in a plain, economical 

 state of society, is pushed hard for a topic, 

 when he thinks fit to warn his neighbors a- 

 amst extravagance. Simple and economical 

 as we have been allowed to be, it is certain 

 that New England can r.ever prosper when out- 

 people have ceased to possess this charade-. 

 Besides, there is no use in mincing the matter. 

 Things are out of proportion through the whole 

 country, Our children begin with a degree of 

 expense, with which we with large families 

 end. Their dress, houses and furniture must 

 be the same with ours: and this too in a coun- 

 try, in which the partihihty of estates require 

 a constant struggle to enable families to main- 

 tain their ground. We ail strive in the most 

 servile (and may I not say vulgar I) manner to 

 be alike, and to appear one as well as another. 

 The exterior, what is visible, indicates little or 

 nothing as to the wealth of people. The mid- 

 dle cla-ses follow hard upon the heels of the 

 rich, and are as much held in slavery by tho 

 fashion, as if there was 3 chain about their 

 necks. The young men and women who are 

 just entering life, the day laborers, and the 

 poor, following of course so high an example, 

 catch the contagion; and the litter, especially, 

 become sensual, vain, and expensive, run into 

 crime, and end in the State Prison. 



" Travellers say, that there is not a useless 

 vegetable, or even weed, in all China. A dead 

 nettle is converted into cloth — paper is made 

 from the straw of rice — the cup ol the acorn 

 dies black — the leaves of a certain description 

 of ash answer, in part, the purposes of the 

 mulberry, for the silk worm. In this way, the 

 occupations of people are infinitely diversified. 

 For instance, in every village as large as Pifts- 

 field, and perhaps smaller there ought to be 

 regular gardening, as an occupation. In this 

 way, the Mechanic ge's better fruit and veget- 

 ables, and for a less price. It is the natural ad- 

 vantage of the division of labor. In living 6o 

 much as our neighboring people do upon 

 beef, pork, and potatoes, they consult neither 

 healih nor economy. They do not seem to 

 understand that animal food is by far the 

 dearest." 



The Potato — The ■• Genesee Farmer,' 

 says, " never feed potatoes to slock, without 

 first boiling or steaming, as this increases their 

 nutritive qualities, " This is true, as well of 

 potatoes as of every other vegetable ; an im- 

 portant caution, however, should be added, 

 that the water m which potatoes are boiled, 

 should be carefully drained off. and not mixed 

 with the food of any animal, as it contains u 



ry deleterious matter, which is extracted 

 from the potato by boiling. — Western Tiller, 



GREVIIXE S CHINA ROSE. 



Perhaps among all the astonishing produc- 

 tions of the vegetable kingdom, there, is not 

 one mure remarkable than a Rose recently in- 

 troduced into Europe and this country from 

 China, and thus described in Loudon's Gar- 

 dener's Magazine, published nt London : — 

 ; ' Rosa Grevilln or Greville's China Rose — 

 The shoot of this Rn>e grew eighteen feet in 

 a few weeks, and is the most singular of the 

 Rose tribe that ever come under my observa-. 

 tion. It now covers about 100 feet square 

 with more than 100 trusses of flowers — some 

 of these have more than 50 buds in a cluster, 

 and the whole will average about 30 in a truss ; 

 so that the amount of flower buds is little less 

 than 3000 But the must astonishing curiosity 

 is the variety of colors produced on the buds a 

 first opening — white, light blush, deeper blush, 

 light red, darker red, scarlet and purple, all on 

 the same clusters. This Rose grows io the 

 manner of the Multiflora, but is easily known 

 by the leaf, which is much larger and more ru- 

 gore than the common Multiflora. "—Am. FV 



