Vol. 1.— No.S. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



gardens, a tiste for keeping them in good or- 

 der ^prevalent, and few instances of dissipation 

 occur. In such gardens, not only aromatic 

 herbs and medicinal plants, are cultivated, hut 

 (lowers of various sorts are raised, as carna- 

 tion s, pinks, aiiriculre, polyanthus &c. by_ the 

 sale of which some money is obtained. The 

 Florist Society at Paisley in Scotland, is a 

 sufficient proof of the advantage to be derived 

 from tdirectmz the attention of manufacturer* 

 to such innocent pursuits, the rearing ofbeaur 

 tifal flowers is found to improve their taste for 

 manufacturing elegant patterns of fancy inus- 

 'in; while the florists of Paisley huve long been 

 remarked for the peaccfvlness of their disposi- 

 tions, and the sob) icly of their manners. 



SMtLL FARMS — COLLECTING MANURES. 



The great principles of agriculture may be 

 reduced to these two points : keep small farms 

 and manage thim well. What constitutes a 

 small farm, or in what consists good man- 

 agement, arc subjects deeply. affecting the best 

 Interests of saciety, and have engaged vol- 

 umes of the most philanthropic writings. The 

 pages of a worlt, limited in size, and devoted 

 lo various purposes, can afford but a short re- 

 view of a subject so comprehensively useful ; 

 Vet, by entering directly into real matter, and 

 avoiding the prolixity of books, much instruc- 

 tion and benefit may be obtained at an expense 

 of money and lime comparatively email. 



An anxiety to grow rich has done more inju- 

 ry and produced more disappointment lo .far- 

 mers, than lo any other class of fortune hun- 

 ters; the merchant, who not only risks his en- 

 tire capital, but also his utmost credit on a 

 sin«le voyage, may suoceed even beyond his 

 calculation, and may, at once, increase his for- 

 tune and enlarge his credit : the mechanic, 

 who risks all on a single project, may succeed 

 to riches and its comforts ; but the farmer, 

 who enlarges his fields beyond his actual means 

 of cultivating them, never sueoeeds in Ins da- 

 sign. 



Land badly tilled and badly fenced, produ- 

 ces a small crop, which nut unfrequenlly be- 

 comes a prey to the inroads of cattle, or suffers 

 for want of hands to secure it in harvest; yet 

 such must be the fate of large firms, that is, 

 farms exceeding the disposable means of the 

 proprietor. No general rule can be laid down 

 lo determine the proper size of a farm, as it 

 mustbe regulated by a whole view ol the far- 

 mer's means, family, Ac; but in choosing, a 

 farm, it would be a prudent maxim to prefer 

 one even apparently too small, to one that 

 might prove loo large ; and perhaps the gnne- 

 alitv of farmers, who look merely to the sup- 

 port of a family, migftt do .well to confine their 

 industry, in the first instance, to fifty acres of 

 land, exclusive of the necessary proportion of 

 woodland. The result would prove so deci- 

 sive'y the superior advantages of small farms, 

 as more than probably to indace the farmer to 

 continue his industry on a scale, which would 

 Meld so much in poinl.of crops, save so much 

 labor, render a frequent view of the entire 

 farm, and the collecting of the produce to the 

 'yarn so convenient. 



"But," 6iys the farmer, who has six or 

 ei^ht children, "fifty acres will not suffice to 

 support my family." It may be replied, and 

 with more truth, " no, nor one hundred acres," 

 because of the undeniable fact, that one hun- 

 dred acres badly tilled, will produce less than 

 fifty acres, well managed ; and that the labour 

 necessary to the good tillage and management 

 of the small farm, will not be sufficient even 

 lur the slovenly mt.'iagement of the large one. 



It is unnecessary to describe, how a large 

 \arm may be ruined, in thecaso oT a proprietor 

 whose capital is small; every practical farmer 

 can explain, and the most superficial view of 

 hundreds of such farms, to be seen in all di- 

 rections, will at onoe convince the doubtful. — 

 It only remains to see how the farmer and his 

 i'amily can be supported, on a farm of fifty a- 

 ejes. 



The skilful farmer will keep his lands in a 

 state of constant productiveness ; the most 

 injudicious management, or the most apparent 

 neglect, can alone cause land to remain for 

 years, or even for a season, without conlnbu- 

 tin" to the fanner's sustenance ; this state, 

 however, seldom fails to attend large farms. — 

 A rotation of crops, and a supply of manure, 

 will secure this constant productiveness. Eve- 

 ry farmer is a sufficient judge of the managing 

 a rotation of crops, and, in some measure, acts 

 on lhat principle ; but the mind and labor are 

 so divided in the caro of large farms, that nei- 

 ther can be brought to act with sufficient judg- 

 ment or effect. A proper disposition of cattle, 

 added to a judicious collecting of manure, will 

 always produce the means of enriching and in- 

 vigorating the soil, nor can there ever appear 

 any want of a sufficient supply of manure for 

 every purpose of the farm. 



The collecting cf compost, or manure, be- 

 ing 'ndispensable to the farmer, it shall be here 

 first attended to. Compost is to be consider- 

 ed, both as to its quantity and its quality. — 

 The quantity may be increased by mixing clay, 

 or other unforniented matter with the manure; 

 the entire mass will partake of the salts, and 

 all ferment together. The quality, which 

 seems of more importance than the quantity, 

 may be improved by choosing a proper site 

 for the manure heap. It should not be made 

 in a hole, because the rain water will soon fill 

 the hole and chill the manure ; which should, 

 in order to fermentation, preserve a considera- 

 ble heat : it should not be made on a hill, be- 

 cause the water passing through it, will carry 

 away its most valuable part; nor should it be 

 entirely excluded from the air, which is essen- 

 tially useful to it. With these general obser- 

 vations in view, the farmer will easily contrive 

 a proper plan for collecting a sufficiency of 

 rich compost for all the uses of his farm, which 

 thus plentifully supplied, will never degener- 

 ate into a barren waste. The manure heap 

 should be placed near the farm yard, so that 

 the rotten straw, bedding of the cattle, &c. 

 may be easily removed to it; a sewer or gut- 

 ter should also be contrived to carry off tin: u- 

 riuc from the cattle's stalls, to a reservoir near 

 the manure ; and finally, it should be collected 

 on a flat spot of ground, so hard as to be, if 

 possible, impervious to the juices, which would 

 otherwise sink into the earth and be totally 

 lost.— N. Y. Farmer. 



lo imperfect mastication. These causes pro- 

 duce indigestion, and ultimately worms. Mr. 

 Hinds recommends, that, when it is certainly 

 ascertained the horse is attacked by worms, the 

 following bolus or hall be administered : Calo- 

 mel, 1 12 drachms ; Annis seed, 5 drachms, 

 mixed with treacle, into a paste, Tor two doses, 

 to be given on two successive nights ; the 

 first dose lobe preceded by water gruel, and 

 the last one to be followed, the next day, by 

 a purgative compound of, Barbadoes aloes, 4 

 drachms, Gamboge, 1 1-2 drachms, prepared 

 kali 2 drachms, ginger 1 drachm, oil of amber 

 a ten-spoonful, syrup of buckthorn sufficient 

 to form the whole into a ball for one dose. — 

 Should the horse be weakly, the first mixture 

 may bo divided into three doses, for as many 

 successive days, to he followed on the fourth 

 morning after by the purgative. The horse in 

 the mean while should be fed with fresh grass. 

 cracked corn, mashed potatoes, or other food 

 easily digestible ; accompanied occasionally 

 with salt. As the disease is produced by im 

 paired digestive organs, it must be cured bv 

 restoring to these organs their healthful tone, 

 towards which, the medicines recommended, 

 have a favorable tendency. 



B0TT9 IN HORSES. 



A writer in the American Farmer, states the 

 following as a sure remedy for the botts in hor- 

 sas, and says it was practiced by a veterinary 

 sur"eon, who came to this country during the 

 revolution, with Baron Steuben : 



First, drench the horse with a quart of new- 

 milk, saturated with honey, molasses, or su 

 gar, (to be preferred in the order in which 

 they are named ;) leave him two hours, at rest; 

 drench him again with a pint of strong brine, 

 previously made, by dissolving in boiling wa- 

 ter as much common salt as it will hold, and 

 leave the horse undisturbed two hours more. 

 Then administer half a pint of linseed oil, and 

 the treatment is complete. 



The rationale of this course, according to 

 the writer, is as follows : Botts destroy hor- 

 ses by feeding upon and destroying the inte- 

 guments of the stomach: but, preferring swee- 

 tened milk lo flesh diet, they leave the sub- 

 stance of the stomach, and glut on the milk, of 

 which they partake so much, that they are 

 greatly distended, exposing a thin skin to the 

 action of the brine, when administered, which 

 easily destroys them. Oil is afterwaids gi- 

 ven, to heal the wounds in the stomach, made 

 by the worms. 



John Hinds, in his Treatise on Farriery, (a 

 work which should be in the hands of every 

 man who has the charse of horses,) attributed 

 the generation of worms to irregular feeding 

 and to feeding upon indigestible substances, 

 Imusty hay, grain, &c. and in some aged horses 



COLUMBUS. 



A correspondent of the Macon Telegraph. 



who writes from Havana, thus describes the 



tomb of Columbus ■ 



" My first pilgrimage has been made to the 

 tomb of Columbus. I need not say it is the 

 most splendid I have ever seen, for I have ne- 

 ver seen any thing which can be placed in com - 

 pariso.i witli it. It stands within the walls, 

 and under one of the most splendid domes of 

 the cathedral; its form is that of a temple 

 surrounded with pillars, standing on a massive 

 basement or pedestal, in front of which there 

 is a small portal between four miniature col- 

 umns, within which the box conlainiug his re- 

 mains is said to be deposited — within the tem- 

 ple is a statue about three feet in height. The 

 materiel of the whole temple is of the most 

 beautiful Italian marble, and is 6aid, by trav- 

 ellers who have visited Italy, that they have 

 never seen so beautiful a piece of sculpture 

 there or elsewhere. It was made entirely in 

 Italy, and brought ready to be set up here — 

 The morning I attended mass, at the cathe- 

 dral, the tomb of Columbus was surrounded 

 with candlesticks, I should think near three feet 

 in height, of massive gold, while every thing 

 around corresponded in style and richness of 

 ornament. The cathedral itseif far surpasses 

 any thing I had ever seen or hardly imagined, 

 in the beauty and style of its architecture — of 

 its length, breadth, width or height, I will not 

 undertake to form what I would call a correct 

 opinion ; for the eye and mind of the visiter are 

 so deeply impressed with the awe and solems 

 nily of such a scene, as to be wholly unprepa- 

 red to make estimates of measurement. Its 

 high towering domes, its massive columns and 

 arches, its beautiful statuary and paintings, all 

 strike the eye with wonder, in which the mind 

 re lust in thought. Add to this the impressive 

 solemnity of the rites and ceremonies, which 

 were constantly going on at the shrines and 

 confessionals, which were so distant, that the 

 priests were out of the reach of each other's 

 voices, you will not be surprised lhat 1 was 

 impressed with feelings beyond description." 



Natural history is no work for one lhat loves 

 his chair or his bed. speculation may be 

 pursued on a soft couch, but Nature must be 

 observed in the open air Johnson. 



It is wonderful that old men should remem 

 her more accuiately what happened fifty years 

 agOjthan the affairs of the last week. The 

 brains of old men are like hard wax, tena- 

 cious of old impressions, and not very suscep 

 lible of dcw. 



