78 



THE GENESEE FARMER 



March 12, 1831 



a fracture like chalk, ha3 a strong bitumious 

 smell, when thrown upon the fire crackles and 

 flies to piece9, and will burn with a bright glare 

 for some time. 



When the stone is dry, by wetting it with 

 the mouth, :t gives off a strong alluminous 

 3mell; when decomposed, it makes a dark 

 olayey soil, which is very good for grass and 

 wheat, ard is very retentive of moistnre. It 

 is owing to the decomposition of this rock 

 that the soil upon the Genesee flats has such a 

 dark colour. It is in this formation that all the 

 bituminous coal of the south-west is found. — 

 The out cropping of this rock may be seen at 

 Le Roy, also a little south of Geneseo, on the 

 road to Dansville. 



lietween Mount Morris and Nundathis rock 

 passes under a silicious formation, and is not 

 seen again in a southern direction, north of 

 Mc Kean county, in Pennsylvania, where it is 

 found to contain beds of bituminous coal; it 

 also contains beds of coal on the south side of 

 lake Erie. The average thickness of this for- 

 mation is about 100 feet. 



The next formation above the bituminous 

 lias been denominated Pyritiferous Shale, or 

 Graywacke. It is about five hundred feet 

 thick, varying in color from a pale blue to an 

 ash color, and in hardness, from a soft allumi- 

 nous shale to rock sufficiently hard for grind- 

 atones, some of which formed from this rock, 

 have proved to be of excellent quality. From 

 the great thickness of this rock, it is the su- 

 perincumbent formation over a large tract of 

 country, on both sides of tho Genesee river. 

 From the nature and proportion of the compo- 

 nent parts, which are sand, clay, and lime, 

 when decomposed, it forms one of the finest 

 wheat soils in the state, and the clay is in suf- 

 ficient quantity to make an excellent grazing 

 soil, which is not readily affected by the drought 



The wheat brought to this market the pasi 

 winter, from those lands, has been superior in 

 quality to any other. We would not be un- 

 derstood, however, to say that all the lands 

 south of Mount Morris, to the Pennsylvania 

 line are universally good ; on the contrary, 

 there are some wet cold lands, but there is a 

 fair proportion of good. 



Above this, and capping the dividing ridge 

 between this state and Pennsylvania, is a rock 

 formation, which we are notsensiblc has been 

 named by geologists. It is a coarse sand rock, 

 of a light gray, or flint white, in some locali- 

 ties ; in others, it is a conglomerate rock, made 

 up of rolled qnart. pebbles, of a snowy white- 

 ness, varying in size from a pea to a hen's egg. 

 Uoulders, or largo masses of this rock may be 

 seen scattered over the country, forty miles 

 nonh of the ridge, and it is one of tho purest 

 silici his rocks to be found in our country, and 

 of course valuable for glass making. 



CHOICE FRUIT. 



It has been gratifying to every friend of Hor- 

 ticultnre, for the year past, to notice the zeal 

 which has been manifested by our farmers and 

 gardeners for introducing into our country eve- 

 ry kind of choice fruit, suited to our climate ; 

 and to such lengths has this noble emulation 

 been carried, that we can now boast of having 

 most of the choice and valuable varieties, not 

 only of America, but of Europe ; and this has 

 been so managed, that the expense has been 

 trifling, compared with the benefits which may 

 be expected to flow from their introduction. 



We would now remind our readers that the 

 best season for transplanting trees is approach- 

 ing.and that a tew dollars expended in the pur- 

 chase of ohoice varieties, adds more to the 

 comfort of a family, and to increase the worth 

 of property on which they are planted, than 

 double the amount expended in any other im- 

 provement. 



For the purpose of facilitating the introduc- 

 tion of valuable kinds of fruit and ornamental 

 trees, shrubs, plants, roots, or garden seeds, 

 of any description, any orders sent to the of- 

 fice of the Genesee Farmer will be strictly at- 

 tended to, without ,»ny charge for pergonal ser- 

 vices ; and any of the above articles will be 

 procured from any part of the United States, 

 when orders are sent seasonably. When per- 

 sons are not acquainted with varieties of fruit, 

 an experienced nursery-man will make the se- 

 lection, if requested. % 



QtT Catalogues of most of the nurseries may 

 be examined at this office. 



WHEAT. 



The Waterloo paper stales, thai upwards of 

 100,000 bushels of wheat have been purchased 

 in that county during the last six months, a 

 great portion of which has been purchased in 

 that village. 



DR. EIGHTS' ADDRESS. 



0° Correction of errors in the communi- 

 cition on the Early History of the Genesee 

 Country. 



In tho Noto on the Military Lands, for "ten 

 square miles," road ten miles square. 



In the 3d column, for " 42 miles east of the 

 82d mile stone," re»d 42 miles tocst, $-c. 



Toward the close, after "by a Mr Ca 



rev," add at Canaitdfiigita. 



We have read with much pleasure and in- 

 struction the able address delivered on the 1st. 

 hist, before the New York State Medical Soci- 

 ety, by Jonathan Eights, M. D. the president 

 thereof, and which is published with the pro- 

 ceedings of tho society 



The subject of tho address is Vaccina, Coio 

 or Kine Pock, and the manner in which it is 

 treated is simple, clear and interesting. We 

 should think no one could read it without be- 

 ing fully convinced that vaccination, when 

 properly administered, is a perfect security 

 against small pox infection, and also against 

 what is called the varioloid ; and we believe 

 that if tho address were generally circulated 

 among tho peaple, it would induce a general 

 adoption of vaccination, and thus that Joath- 

 somo disease, the small pox, would soon be 

 known no more. 



The place which tho author held for many 

 years, as physician of tho almshouse in this ci- 

 ty, gavo him abundant and satisfactory oppol 

 tunnies of observing this disease, and ol judg- 

 ing of tho effects of vaccination. Among oth - 

 er instances, ho mentions onenf a woman who 

 had tho small pox and died with it, whose in- 

 fant, which had been previously vaccinated, 

 was nursed by he, and lay with bet uatil with- 

 in two days of her doath, and escaped the con- 

 tagion. 



In 1824, the small pox mado its appearance 

 in this city, being brought by emigrants from 

 Canada. It spread, says the author, with ra- 

 pidity, for some lime, until checkod by a gen«[ 

 ■:ral vaccination, and tho prudent measoresoft 

 our coTpor.itiou. Ho s^ys Ire believes there 



never was a greater proof of the preventive 

 powers of kine pock th*n during the preva- 

 lence of this disease Among all whom he bad 

 vaccinated from 1810 to that time, he knows 

 of no instance of small pox occurring 



The author satisfactorily accounts for the 

 failure of vaccination in some instances, by 

 showing that it was either performed by an ig- 

 norant person, or that the matter used was 

 not genuine ; and to prove his positions, he 

 gives several cases which came unaer his own 

 observation- 

 He remarks — 



" In order to prevent the failure of vaccina- 

 tion, it ought to be performed by no person uni 

 less a regular physician. It unfortunately has 

 been and still is the custom for persons of ev- 

 ery grade, of every habit, of 6very occupation, 

 men and women, to vaccinate, and with instru- 

 ments as rude and as various as tnelr various 

 occupations Can it then be a matter of sur- 

 prise that failures do take place and that a 

 greater havock in human lives does not occur 

 during the prevalence of epidemic small pox : 

 It bocomeslhen the duty of physicians to make 

 themselves thoroughly acquainted with this 

 disease, and with all its variations ; to lay aside- 

 all sordid views ; to act as men who have the 

 health, welfare, and preservation of human 

 life only in view, and to consider this as their 

 first great object." 



The address contains some remarks oa the 

 subject of obtaining and preserving pure vac- 

 cine virus ; and mentions the difficulty which 

 often occurs of procuring pure virus when 

 most wanted. To remedy this serious evil, the 

 author suggests the establishment of an insti- 

 tution, founded by private association, and de- 

 pending on individual support ; or one estab- 

 lished, conducted and supported by public pat- 

 ronage. He says " an institution under the 

 patronage and control of the stale, properly 

 conducted, and established on a liberal plan., 

 would be a public blessing." 

 The address concludes with the following pa- 

 ragraph, and it is hoped that the suggestion 

 made, may obtain the attention of the legisla- 

 ture and induce them to take active means in 

 this great causo of humanity. 



'■ Almost all the governments of Eu- 

 rope have institutions of this kind. Vac- 

 cination is under (he direction, patronage 

 and control of the states where they ex- 

 ist ; and would not our legislature be con- 

 sullina the vital interests of the state, of 

 posterity and of mankind, by turning their 

 attention to this impo:tant subject ? The 

 preservation of health and ihe lives, not 

 only of the present generation, but of un- 

 born thousands, is certainly of as much 

 importance as any subject that can en- 

 gross their time or their attention. "-[Alb 

 Dai. Adv. 



CARPET WEAVING. 



The business of manufacturing Carpets in 

 this country, has not existed much beyond 

 f our years, and yet with such signal soccees 

 has it been prosecuted, and so good ate tliear 

 ticlos made, that the domestic manufacture! 

 have sopercedetl the foreign ones, and. they 

 are now almost excluded Horn the market. — 

 One of the principal establishments in this., 

 country far weaving carpets, is at TanflViJIe, 

 Connecticut, about eleven miles north west of 

 Harlfoid, on the lTarraiugton river ; there aie 

 four other establishments of equal magnitude 

 in this country, namely. Enfield, Lowell, Great 

 Falls, and Harghts, near New York, which 

 supply the American market, and are aJmit- 

 ted by the most prejudiced indtartduaU, to be 

 qua! to the best imported. 



The village ol Tariffville is wholly suppor- 

 ted by ftie Carpet Factffry.foiuTnlJelstreiweef; 



