mmmm. ^®Lmmmm* 



VOLUME I. 



ROCHESTER, MARCH 26, 1831. 



NUMBFR 12. 



THK U K IS E S K E FARMER 



AND GARDKNKr's JOURNAL. 



iDovotedto Agriculturo, Horticulture, Doinestio l.rorio 



qiv. &.C- &c. 



N. GOODS! LL, EDITOR 



Published on Sat ui days, at $2 50 per anndm, 



payable in six months, or at $2 00, if paid at the 



time of subscribing, by Luther Tuckfr. at 



the office of the Roithester Daily Advertiser. 



COIHOTTJNICA riONS. 



FOR THE GENESEE FIRMER. 

 CIDER. 



Cider, as well as all other fermented liquors 

 is benefited by close fermentation. \U car- 

 bonic acid gas in the original must or juice, (if 

 there were any,) or all that may be generated 

 in the process of fermentation should be re 

 tamed if practicable. Therefore the juice 

 should be put in a strong cask, before any fer- 

 mentation commences. Every thing that has a 

 tendency to clear the juice of the pulp and o- 

 ther matter, and charge it with carbonic acid 

 gas, will give that lively zest which is so highly 

 prised in fermented liquors. 

 The first thing should be to run the apple juice 

 through a rectifier, made by laying flannels in 

 the bottom of a cask, over which should he a 

 layer of pounded limestone, made very fine, 

 then a layer of charcoal, recently burned and 

 made fine. Running the juice through this 

 will deprive it of nearly all ihat would make 

 lees. 



The enrbonic acid gas may be retained in the 

 liqnor by fitting to the bung hole of each cask 

 a safety valve which may be made in the fol- 

 lowing manner: 



Lay upoti the hung hole some twenty or 

 thirty leaves from the grape vine, or some oili- 

 er large leaved plant, such as will not imparl 

 an unpleasant taste to the cider, on these place 

 a small piece of board, and i.pon it as much 

 weight as the strength of the cask will bear 

 Thus, much of the gas may be retained, and 

 the remainder can pass off by raising the 

 weight upon the leaves. 



If your casks are musty, or otherwise not 

 sweet, they must be rendered so by what is 

 called matching, or stumming them. For this 

 purpose take a strip of linnen or cotton cloth, 

 about a foot long, more or less, dip it ,n mel- 

 ted brimstone. set one end on fire, and drop it in- 

 to the bung hole of the cask, holding the oiher 

 in yourfingers. and pressing the bung in gently 

 with the end of the match by the side of it. — 

 Let it remain in this situation for an hour or 

 two. and if on removing the bung any of the 

 musty smell remains in 'he cask, the mUohing 

 must be repealed 



The practice of putting cider trora the press 

 into open vns or tubs to ferment, that the pu 

 mice may rise, or the clear liquor be drawn from 

 "under the scum, is undoubtedly a bad one, and 

 it is useless, for if it is passed through a rectifi 

 er. that will e'.ear it effectually. Besides re- 

 fining it, the coal will give it a beautiful amber 

 oolour, w'nh the mellowness common to white 

 wines. Bottle the cider in March, and when 

 it is a year old, if it is well managed, it will 

 sparkle like champaigne, and if made froua 

 unripe fruit, it will sparkle mure than when 

 made from ripe fruit. 



If you wish at any period of the fermenta- 

 tion to stop its further progress. it may be done 

 fty adding one ounce of sulphate of potash to 

 a barrel, which will n 't affect the flavor of the 

 cider. There is no doubt but that some kinds 

 of apples are better for cider than others, 

 and that some countries produce belter fru't, 

 ooth for cider and the table than others; foi 

 instance, those from France ate better than 

 those from England. About Detroit and the 

 western end of Lake Erie, the apples are bet 

 ter than those of the eastern states: the ori- 

 ginal stooire of the former were from France, 



while orchards- raiser) from seeds brought from 

 :Vew England are inferior to those raised from 

 French stocks, for cider, as the juice from the 

 latter contains more saccharine matter. 



Yours, &c. B. F. STICKNEY. 

 Port Lawrence, (Michigan) Feb. 7th, 1831. 



FOR THE GENESEE FARMER. 



Mb. Editor— If you think the following 

 wotihy of a place in your very useful paper, 

 you will notice it. Although apparently insig- 

 nificant, it is of much importance to breviers. 

 and a serious injury to young calveH — it is a 

 remedy for the scottrs,llte natural consequence 

 attending the feeding of young calves with a- 

 nv other food than new milk. I have prac- 

 ticed it this season with a number of calves, and 

 have had entire success. 



The course I pursue, is simply to add a little 

 pulverized chalk to their food at every meal. 

 I have experienced more inconvenience from 

 this malady than any other attendant upon the 

 rearing of calves. The great benefit to be de 

 rived from il, is in being able to have the use 

 of a greater portion of the milk, at the season 

 when most wanted, as skimmed milk boiled, 

 with the addition of a little meal, is as good as 

 the new milk, with a small feed of dry bran 

 and hay twice a day. 



Calves treated in this manner through the 

 summer, have decidedly the advantage over 

 those that are brought up on ihe cow. They 

 are much more hearty — are not so dainty of 

 what they eat — and winter far better. 



Yours, vory respectfully, A Breeder. 



FOR THE GENESEE FARMER. 



In the Genesee Farmer, page G2, informa- 

 tion relative to the extent of the snow storm 

 which occurred at Rochester, on the 22d ami 

 23d ultimo, is requested ; and iu compliance 

 wnli that notice, I present the following mem- 

 oranda made at Greaifield. Cayuga county : 



2 mo 22. In the morning, the sun was jus' 

 discernable through the clouds. Yvfind, model 

 ato, south-south-east. Half past 2 o'clock P. 

 M. it began to snow— about an inch fell At 

 sunset, it became calm; and soon after the 

 wind sot in very moderately from north-north- 

 east. A cold rain through the night — not warm 

 enough to melt all the light snow of the prece- 

 ding day. 



23. Wind north-west by north. Grew cold 

 very suddenly in the morning. Very sinanlar 

 figures of frost-work appeared on the board 

 fences, two inches across, finely curved like 

 feathers or the curled foliage of the vine — 

 A' 11 o'clock it began to snow very moderate 



■y- 



24. Continued to snow a little from the 

 north-west till noon— then cleared up. This 

 was a light snow of only two or three inches. 



In a letter dated the 23d ult. near Montrose. 

 Su-quehanna comity, in Pennsylvania, the wri- 

 ter remarked " It is now raining here, the rner 

 cury is up to 40 " 



It appears that the freezing wind from the 

 N. W. by N. which prevailed at this place in 

 the morning, had not reached Montrose at ihe 

 time that letter was written. 



As ' continuation of my remarks on north- 

 east storms, 1 add the following : 



1 mo. 31. Thin elouds from the S. W. Wind 

 S. S. E. In the evening it began to snow 



2d mo. 1. Morning. Wind N. N. W. Depth 

 of ibis snow was 8 or 9 inches. 



Mem. It appeared by the newspapers that a: 

 ihis lime a north-east storm raged on our sea 

 coast. D. T 



FOR THE GENESEE FARMER. 



The olfactories of some people are kepi 

 mostly employed while they are ranging thro' 

 a flower garden ; and the odours of the Inn 

 cinth, the sweet violet, some lulips, the honey- 

 suckle, the rose, and many others, present pow- 

 erful inducement's for the jjruosjee ; {nit ih,c 



following brief extracts from Loudon's Ency- 

 clopedia of Plants, show that caution is neces- 

 sary in some cases. 



Narcissus. Derived from a Greek word sig- 

 nifying '-stupor, on account of the dangerous 

 effecls produced by the smell, even of the least 

 perfumed kinds, upon the nerves. For this 

 reason [the] Nurcissus was consecrated tn '.ho 

 Furies, who by means of it were [supposed! 

 to stupify those whom they wished lo punish." 

 In that volume 55 species of A t <it«ssks are enu- 

 merated, including the Daffodils, Jonquils, and 

 Polyanthus-Narcissus. 



Aconilumrapellus — Monk's hood. " Some 

 persons only by taking in the effluvia of the 

 herb in full flower by the nostrils, have been 

 seized with swooning fits, and have lost their 

 sight for two or three days." P. 



Grorelnnd, MarchlGth, 1831. 



Mr. Editor — I was highly gratified when 

 the publication of your useful paper was first- 

 announced, and my name is in Ihe list of your 

 subscribers. Your importunate appeals to 

 practical farmers, for any communications 

 which oan be useful or entertaining, upon ag- 

 ricultural subjects, have induced me to address 

 you. although I have nothing very important to 

 offer; as indeed, I think a little of mere chit- 

 chat on such subjects, between farmers, may 

 be useful. 



In the first place, sir, allow me to inquire, 

 whether Horse Beans, which are so commonly 

 .and extensively grown all over Europe, aro 

 cultivated in any part of Western N. York 1 

 They are of very great importance in the hus- 

 bandry of England, and are mixed with oats 

 for feeding hard working horses, all over the 

 kingdom, being very nutritious. They suc- 

 ceed best on clays and loams, the richer the 

 better. This crop, well cultivated, proves an 

 excellent preparation for yvheat. They should 

 he drilled in rows about 27 inches asunder s» 

 is to allow a plough to work between them. 

 If the experience of last season may be relied 

 upon for the future, they will come off tha 

 ground immediately after wheat harvest, thus 

 allowing ample time for one ploughing, prepar- 

 atory to sowing the same land with wheat. 



I sowed a few last year on the flats, but they 

 were injured by a flood in the summer, and the 

 crop, not yet thrashed, will be small; the sam- 

 ple is, however, very good. I shall try them, 

 again this year, under more favorable circum- 

 stances. 



I shall be glad to hear from any farmer who 

 s in the practice of sowing spring wheat. Tri- 

 iu.nm Ostitmm— what is the period which he 

 finds best for sowing it. The latter end of A- 

 nrtl is thought the best season in England ; but 

 i suppose it should be sown earlier here, as the 

 great heats of summer come on so very soon 

 after vegetation Do you know a species of 

 wheat, called in England, Talavera ? It is.as 

 yon would infer from the name, a Spanish va- 

 riety, introduced in England, during the Pen- 

 insular War. 



The millers there prefer it to any other kind 

 It is a large, full, white grain, the bran remar- 

 kably thin7 Very litile of it is sown there, as 

 the summers are seldom so dry and warm as 

 its constitution reqit'ues, I procured a little 

 of the seed from England, the produce efl82S, 

 but it was so much grown out, owing to the 

 wet harvest of that year, that hardly one gram 

 n ten vegetated : still I hope that I saall he 

 able to save enough to give it a fair trial. 



1 shall feel obliged for any details of the ac- 

 tual produce of Hemp per acre, both in quan- 

 tity aud price, as also of the expense. Is there 

 any where in this part of the country, one of, 

 those patent machines, which are said to sn> 

 persede tbe necessity of rotting it ? 



lam, sir, your obedient servant, 



A 8R0VEri>si> SAinisT.: 



