106 



THE GENESEE FAR3IER 



April 9, 1S31 



Tlie following method I have pursued for 

 ;li« tliree last years in fattening hogs, and have 

 found it both profitable and convenient. In 

 effect I think it somewhat similar to the a- 

 bove : 



la the spring, as soon as the grass has at- 

 tained a sufficient growth to afford a good bite, 

 the hogs are let out of the pen and put upon 

 pasture, (clover is the best) in which there is 

 plenty of running water, and fed regularly a- 

 bout two quarts of corn meal 10 each hog, per 

 day — kept well salted and occasionally mix 

 with the feed a little sulphur, salt petre.&c. as 

 preventives against disease. About the first 

 of October they are again shut up and fed high 

 a fewweeks upon boiled potatoes snd corn un- 

 til the weather is cool enough for butchering. 

 Since adopting this method I have always re- 

 alized from a hundred to a hundred and fifty 

 pounds more pork with the same expense than 

 I could get from a hog of the same quality (in 

 the spr.ng) treated in the usuai manner of pas- 

 turing during the summer, and fattening in the 

 fall upon raw corn and cold water. 



I have never been able to make hogs grow 

 very rapidlv upon grass alone, but with the aid 

 of a lit tie grain they may be made to thrive 

 and grow much faster thar one would suppose 

 who has not tryedit; and when fed in such 

 small quantities, while running to grass, they 



will thoroughly digest it without boiling. 



There are other advantages derived from fat- 

 tening hogs during the summer — they are al- 

 ways peaceable and contented — your P" r k is 

 ready for the fall market — and the trouble is 

 out of the way before cold weather comes on. 



Those who keep a dairy, and feed their whey 

 and buttermilk to hog", would find it much to 

 their advantage, I think, to mix with it a little 

 meal, as hogs fatten much faster and easier in 

 warm than cold weather. W. 



Middlesex, JV. Y. MarchWth, 1831. 



FOR THE GENESEE FARMER. 

 TEA SHRUB. 



I have lately seen a copy of a letter from 

 Wm. Prince, dated 1818, on the subject of 

 raising the tea shrub. Ho says, " it will bear 

 the winters of England, unprotected, and I 

 presume also those of North Carolina." If 

 they will withstand the winters of England, 

 unprotected, ldo not know why they may not, 

 in a warm sheltered situation, bear the winters 

 of old Genesee. If they will, the Chinese 

 monopoly will cease at no very distant period. 

 fining no plants I have not tried the expert 

 tnent, but merely recommend it to Horticul- 

 turists as a subject well worth their attention. 



Linden HiU, 2d mo. 1831. T. C. C. 



FOR THE OENESEE FARMER. 

 COFFEE. 



Mr. Goodsell— I wMi that you, Mr. S. 

 and Mr. *, were riding the hardest trotting 

 horse, over the roughest road, on the lon- 

 gest journey and to see yonr worst enemies, 

 and were doomed to drink leached coffee 

 on the road, and when arrivod ad libitum, that 

 you severally might learn from sad experience 

 the consequences of your innovations upon 

 the established usages of wisdom and length 

 of days. For since the date of your several 

 dissertations upon tho subject of this, till now, 

 lieavenly beverage, I have been assigned to 

 the daily defence of the old and established 

 tanning and stewing modus operandi. Not 

 but that my own acquired good taste more than 

 overbalances all their hum-drum theories of 

 tVagrance, uroma, volatile and essential oils, in 

 the same manner, and establishes the fact with 

 ti>e samo unaltcrnbleness as were the qualities 

 of pumpkin-sauce, by my christian uncle, for, 

 says he, on the return of pumpkin pie season, 

 svhen his good help-dame placed a quantity be- 

 fore him, of some she was preparing to pie, 

 ,; there, is no suuecin the world as good as pump- 

 kin sauce." 



As the unalterability of Persia's laws, so 

 has been, since that veto, the fTch sweet Insi 



polity of stewed pumpkins, and I venture the 

 asseveration, that all who have the same acqui 

 red good taste as my uncle and myself, will 

 never suffer themselves to be enchanted by 

 the melody of such words as aroma, fragrance, 

 oils, &c. when opposed to them stands, in 

 formidable array, voile vs of harder words, a sam- 

 ple only of which, for argumentative purpo- 

 ses, I oppose to their volaiiles and evapora- 

 bles ; but for a scientific systematic answer, I 

 will settle the question by marshaling the en 

 tire catalogue in opposition, omitting only the 

 per cent, for that would annihilate their hypo- 

 thesis, not only, but leave not a lingering r — h ' 

 behind. 



The analysis of coffee shows it to contain 

 Gum ) 



Resin \ 



Extractive ) 



Bitter principle ) Volatile oil, and a 



Gallic acid, with \ fragrant aroma de- 



Tannin > veloped by roast- 



Albumen ( ing. 



Fibrous insoluble matter ) 

 and a Residuum } 



With this analysis Mr. Editor, little else 

 need be said, for it is easy to see that in ox- 

 change foi a few volatiles we have half a score 

 remaining that bid defiance to boiling, and I 

 had almost said digestion, and if they cause 

 headache and induce appoplexies, they in re- 

 turn by virtue of their tannin and gallic acid, 

 corrugate the stomach, rendering it less exci- 

 table, and assimilate it more and more to well 

 tanned leather. There is also very little doubt 

 that dispepsia is sometimes attributable to oth- 

 er causes, and that stciocd coffee is unjustly cen 

 suied as the parent of all the cases that occur 



Nota Bena — Our good landlady very unassu 

 mingly gave us her best dish of the leached 

 kind this morning, with all the aroma and fra- 

 grance in its perfection, and tho most that any 

 one among a dozen drank, did not exceed two 

 cvps of pint dimensions ; whereas, of the stew- 

 ed kind, as much aslringency and tannin as 

 was desirod could be obtained from one. 



But I will take leave of you and your easy 

 proselytes to French innovations, by request- 

 ing that you atone in some good degree to 

 your own hearts and to your numerous readers, 

 and particularly those of slender forms ami 

 subject to coughs, by inserting for their bene~ 

 fit the following recipe for an entiro meal : 



Take good coffee, a desert spoonful — milk a 

 pint — Boil slowly 15 minutes, and add two 

 shavings of Ichthyocalla, (Isinglass) simmer 

 a few minutes longer, and drink for breakfast, 

 dinner, or supper. Yours, to serve, 



Gelatin. 



for the genesee farmer. 



CULTIVATION OF PEARTREES FROM 



APPLE TREE STOCKS. 



After several unsuccessful endeavors to ob- 

 tain peartree stocks, I succeeded in the follow- 

 ing manner : 



About the middle of August, 1825. H. Fel 

 lows, Esq. of this town, obliged me with the 

 buds of several choice varieties of tho pear- 

 tree, which I inserted intoappletree stocks, as 

 near the roots as practicable. In April, 1826, 

 I took them up and cut off the stocks about an 

 inch above the buds, then transplanted them 

 with buds about four inches lower than tho 

 surface of the ground and covered the roots lea- 

 ving the buds uncovered, the earth forming a 

 basin around each of four inches in depth. — 

 As soon as the poar trees had grown about a 

 foot in height, I began raising the earth about 

 them, a small quantity at a time, till it became 

 level. In the spring of 1829, several of them 

 were as large as I chose to set in an orchard, 

 say two inches in diameter, and soven feet in 

 height, with sufficient pear tree roots. But 

 some of the rest had grown but little. One 

 of which measured but three fourths of nn inch 

 in diameter, and twenty-seven inches in height, 

 and (to my surprise) produced more than thirty 

 blossoms, but it pruduced no fruit. I then ex 

 cavated Ike oarlh around it, and found It had 



no peartree rants. I ihen made three or fout 

 incisions near the bottom of it, peeling up a 

 small strip of bark at each place, and replaced 

 the earih. It is now seven feet in height, and 

 has sufficient pear tree roots. S. BARKER. 

 Penfield, March 29M, 1831. 



SELECTION 



From the New England Farmer. 



Extracts from the Reports of thi Massachusetts 



Agricultural Society, for 1830. 



MANGEL WURTZEL. 



The eommitt e take pleasure in recommen- 

 ding the premium of $20 to be paid to Mr. Gi 

 deon Foster, of Charlestown. Middlesex coun- 

 ty, for his admirable crop of M mgel Wurtzel. 

 The following is an account nf :lie culture and. 

 product oi one acre of Mangel Wurtzel, raited 



by Mr. Gideon Foster, of Charlcstown, in the 



County of Middlesex, Mass. 



The soil is a black loam with a clay bottom. 

 inclining six degrees to the north-east. In 

 1829, three fourths of the tame was planted 

 with potatoes, with a moderate supply of ma- 

 nure in the hills and yielded an ordinary crop ; 

 the residue was in mange! wurtzel and grass. 

 Early in the month of May of the present year, 

 there was spread on said land about eight cords 

 of compost manure, and ploi.ghed to the depth 

 of eight inches, and harrowed in the usual way. 

 About the 12th of Way, I sowed the seed it; 

 rows by hand, twenty-two inches apart. I 

 thinned them from 8 to 12 inches apart, in the 

 rows, when they became the size of a goose 

 uill. I should have preferred an earlier peri- 

 od for this part of the cultivation had it no: 

 been for the threatened destruction by the 

 wire worms, which were then numerous. No 

 thing more was necessary in point of cultiva- 

 tion to perfect the crop, but to keep the soil 

 loose about the roots, and the land clear of 

 weeds, which was principally done with scuf- 

 fling hoes, except frequent cropping of the un- 

 der leaves, by which 'obtained treble benefit. 

 1st, by obtaining an excellent food for swine 

 and horned catile; 2d, by admitting the suf 

 and air to the roots ; 3d, by removing them 

 near to the crown, about tho middle of Sep- 

 tember, which gave them tune to heal, so that 

 on harvesting they are found to be in a sound 

 and healthy state for preserving them through 

 the winter. 



They were harvested in tho 3d week of Oc- 

 tober. The roots were measured in a wagon 

 body that held twenty-three bushels by accu- 

 rate measurement. This measure was filled 

 61 times, and there were ten bushels over. — 

 The wagon body was then placed on its 

 wheels and twice filled fto the judgment of 

 those of us present) as formerly, and weighed 

 at the patent scales ef D. Devens, Esq. of this 

 town. The average weight of which was per 

 tickets annexed, 1415 12 lbs. making 14315 

 bushels or 86,961 lbs. or 43 tons, 961 lbs. 



It was observed by agriculturists who in- 

 spected the field, that much of its beauty con- 

 sisted in the uniformity of the size of the roots, 

 none of them being so large as have been rai- 

 sed by others, while very few of them wero 

 small. The largest that I have known to have 

 been measured, being 25 12 inches in circum- 

 ference. 



The actual expense of raising said crop, 5 

 estimate to be 35 dollars. Gideon Foster. 



Charlcstown, Nov. 30, 1830. 



ONtOHS. 



The committee award the premium of $2V 

 to Mr. Jos. Perkins, of Newbury, for his crop 

 of onions. The product by estimate was 657 

 bnshels on an acre. Mr. Parkins has supposed 

 52 1-2 lbs. to the bushel. No standard Weight is 

 given by the society, but the committee believe 

 50 pounds to be about tho average weight of r. 

 bushel. 

 To the Trustees of the Massachusetts A. Society : 



Gentlemen— In confotmity to the rlucs at! 

 regulations ofyour society, I send you a statf. . 



