134 



THE GENESEE FARMER 



April 30, 18-31 



Germany i- not destitute of go >d hors. s.aud 

 such as prove useful for many purposes ; but 

 they are reckoned to be heavy and defective in 

 wind. The Gorman* possess, however, finer 

 breeds obtained from Turks and Barbs which 

 are kept as stallions ; they obtain also some 

 good specimens from the Italians and Span- 

 iards. As racers and hunters they are inferior 

 lo the Hungarian and Transylvanian horses. — 

 The horses of Bohemia are not distinguished 

 fcy any eminent qualities. The Hussars and 

 Transylvantans ar» accustomed to slit ihn nos- 

 trils of their horses, under a notion of giving 

 their breath a free passage, and improving 

 their wind, as well as to render them incapable 

 of neighing, which, in the field, would be of- 

 ten inconvenient. The Croatian horses are 

 nearly allied in qualities and character to the 

 Hungarian and Bohemian : these, as well as 

 the Poles, are remarkable for being, as the 

 French term it, " Begut," or keeping the mark 

 in their teeth as long as they live. 



The Polish horses are hardy, strong, and use- 

 fill, but they are eenerally of a middling size. 

 in the marshy parts of Prussia, and lowards 

 the mouth of the Vistula, there is a breed of 

 tall, strong horses, resembling those of Fries 

 land, but of inferior value. 



The horses of Russia are not much regarded 

 fjy other nations. They arc small but hardy, 

 and capable of enduring great fatigue. Great 

 attention is, however, paid to such as are very 

 fast in their trot, and such a breed is much en- 

 couraged for trotting matches on the snow and 

 ice. Those of the Turkish breed are hand- 

 gome and finely shaped, but too slisht and 

 Weak for heavy cavalry The Kalmuck hor- 

 ses are somewhat higher than the Russian 

 common horses, and are so lasting and consti- 

 tutionally strong as to be able to run three or 

 40<> English miles in three days. They sub- 

 sist, summer and winter, solely upon grass in 

 Che great deserts which are between the rivers 

 Don, Volga, and Yaik. where they are collec- 

 ted in great herds of four hundred, five hun- 

 dred, or even a thousand. They are excellent 

 swimmers, and pass the river Volga, where it 

 is from one to two miles broad, with great 

 ease. 



The horses of Sweden are low and small, and 

 the Norway breed may be comprehended un- 

 der the same description, but they are strong, 

 hardy, and active. Denmark, and also Hoi- 

 stein and Oldeuburgh, boast a large variety of 

 ^torses, which has long been esteemed as 

 peculiarly adapted for heavy cavalrv and car- 

 rta»e uses though they are apt lo fail wiih 

 respect t» ele/ance of limb and symmetry of 

 ^Tarts ; their heads being large, their shoulders 

 heavy, their backs long, with croups too nar- 

 row t • correspond with their fore parts. In 

 the islands of Feroe there is a race of horses 

 of small growth, but strong, speedy, and sure 

 footed. Thev are never shod, and feed abroad 

 without shelter, both summer and winter. In 

 h'deroe, one of these islands, thoy have a pe- 

 culiarly swift breed, of great use to the inhab- 

 itants, who catch thejr sheep, which are wild, 

 by Inciting Lhem with a dog, pursuing them at 

 the sj me ttme with their horses. The horses 

 of Lapland are small of stature, but active and 

 WiUmt ; they are used only in the winter sea- 

 eon, in drawing sledges over the snow, and 

 transporting wood, forage and other necessa- 

 ries; but in summer they are turned into the 

 fdrests, where they form separate troops, 

 strictly confined to their own quarters. 

 [To be continued.] 



HORN DISTEMPER. 



At this season of the year cattle are often 



troubled more or less with this cortplaint 



The symptoms are first, coldness of the horns 

 loss of appetite, followed by loss of strength. 

 The treatment should be. to bore into the horn 

 with a common nail gimblet, and inject a quan- 

 tity of salt and vinegar mixed. The hole for 

 this purpose should be bored about four inches 

 from the head, on the underside of the horn, 

 through which the separated matter can be 

 discharged. Some have practiced sawing off 

 the horns. This should not be done, as it in- 

 jures the looks of the animal. 



ROSE BUG. 



This insect made its appearance in this neigh- 

 borhood last yoar, about the middle of June, 

 and did a little damage. They continued a- 

 bonl three weeks and disappeared. Strong 

 soap suds is said to be the bust application for 

 their destruction. 



xlend towards > e zeuiib, with a few tending 

 towards the mo n, and soon fade and give 

 place to otbeis. Repeatedly also spots would 

 -uddenly brighten up in different parts of the 

 sky, of well defined limits, as if a strong light 

 had been thrown upon lhem through an open 

 door or window. The sbeels and rays of light 

 extended a considerable distance south of the 

 eastern and western quarters of the heavens, 

 not diminishing in brightness, especially to- 

 wards the east. In that direction was the 

 principal display of light : a broad but ill de- 

 fined column of brightness extending up that 

 part of the slty towards the zenith. An ob- 

 seiver informs us that he distinctly heard the 

 sounds which not nnfttquently accompany 

 this phenomenon : a slight flapping sounj, ia 

 quick succession, like that made by the waving- 

 of heavy drapery — /> Adv. 



ROTAU INSTITUTION, FEB. 25, 1831. 



Mr. Cowper, on recent improvements in Paper 

 Making. 



Antiguarian was formerly the largest sheet 

 ot paper that could be made, its frame being 

 the utmost that a man could grasp with his ex 

 tended arms (i. e necessarily less than a fathom 

 long) ; but now a single sheet of paper is often 

 ■iade three quarters of a mile long— nay. one 

 sheet has been drawn off four miles in length ! 

 Long paper indeed! dedicated, we presume, 

 to the especial service of the long robe; long 

 enough for a Chancery sun. or for the exhibi 

 Hon of the talents ol the most special pleader. 



Until lately, one-sixth part of this quantitj 

 was wasted by the imperfect mode of cutting ; 

 for the paper being rolled in the making round 

 a cv Under, the outer layers were of course 

 much larger than the inner, and when cut 

 through from the ciicumference to the centre 

 a second cutting was required to reduce the 

 whole to one size, and this caused one sixth of 

 the paper made lo be made in vain. Now, 

 however, a machine has been invented, by 

 which the whole of this wa-.te is saved ; for 

 instead of relieving the cylinder from its bur- 

 den, by cutting its concentric citcles through, 

 the cutting machine unrols and cuts the miles 

 of paper into usable and equal sheets. 



Paper of 12 yards long is chiefly used for 

 paper-hangings, and now each piece is printed 

 on one entire sheet, although for some time 

 after sheets of this enormous length were 

 made, the revenue laws compelled them to b. 

 cut into short small sheets, which the paper 

 hanging manufacturers had again to join to 

 gether — so much for the rigor of the laws. 



GRAFTING. 



Mb. Fessendfn — In your paper of Deo 31, 

 a new mode of grafting is described, which is> 

 said to be an improvement. 1 desire also to 

 show you another new mode of performing 

 this operation, which may prove equally valua- 

 ble. 



When trees begin to show their fruit, (nc 

 matter what kind) and it is made evident that 

 grafting must he resorted to, or we must pa- 

 tiently put up with an inferior kind ; instead of 

 cutting off the. top, uncover the roots, and 

 choosing the most thrifty one, make a slit in. 

 the bark, cut your eion off with aslope, and 

 thrust it in and cover the roots with earth. It 

 will take well, and grow some the first year, 

 much more the next, and the third vear the old 

 stock may be cut away, and the growth from 

 that time on will be very rapid, and soon form 



rood bearing tree. Calvis. 



Preston. Ohio, Jan 23, 1831. 



In addition to the above. Mr. Wallace of 

 Cincinnati writes, la*t fall, that out of more 

 than ojio hundred stocks of iho wild vine graf- 

 ted by him the spring before, not ono failed, 

 and some of lhem had grown during the sum- 

 mer, more lhan forty feet, and it is further ob- 

 served that thev generally bear the second yeui 

 after grafting.— N. E Farmer. 



Wu. II. Aiiams, Esq of Lyons, has forwar 

 ded to the office of the Genesee Farmer, ; 

 quantity of roots of the sea kale, as a present 

 to, the members of the Monroe Horticultural 

 Society. Those members who are wishing 

 fbt any of the roots, will ploaso call at the of- 

 fice. 



P. S. Mr. Adams will accept the tharitts of 

 die-Society fin tho same. 



AURORA BOREALIS. 



On Tuesday evening, a remarkably beaut i 

 fill and splendid Northern Light appeared in 

 the Heavens From the zenith to the hori- 

 zon the sky was alnost covered with a broad 

 glare, excepting only a segment towards the 

 N. formed by the arc of a large circle which 

 rose about ten degrees, nearly under the pole 

 star, and sunk towards the east and west. — 

 That part of the sky appeared as if covered by 

 a deep and well defined cloud, and showed 

 neither the stars nor the light of the Aurora. 

 Just above it scintillations and feeble flames 

 appeared, which there.as well as in other parts 

 a novo it, frequently varied in form an intensity. 

 Broad circular spots occasionally appeared in 

 different places, of superior brightness, which 

 compared by an observer to tho most glowing 

 pails of sheet iron unequally heated; and now 

 and then lairj 



By the Ontario, from London, and the 

 Durham, from Havre Messrs. Buel and 

 Wilson have received a valuable addition 

 to their nursery nssortraent, comprising 

 50 of ihe choicest, and mostly new, 

 French and flemish pears, and 30 new 

 roses, from the well known nursery ot 

 \arsitte, at Paris ; 40 choice fruits from 

 the Lond. Ilort. Society's garden nt 

 Chwwick ; 50 new roses and 40 splendid 

 dahlias or Georgianas from the best Lon- 

 don nurseries, and ihoul 60 varieties ot" 

 fruits, and several ornamental plants from 

 correspondents and amateurs. The 

 whole will be propagated with all dis- 

 patch, and soon added to the catalogue 

 of plants, for sale at the Albany Nurserv 

 —[Alb. Arg. 



THOMAS CAMPBELL. 



It would seem from the London papers (hat 

 this distinguished poet has abandoned the idea 

 of visiting America. He is no longer con- 

 nected with the editorship of tho New Month's 

 Ij Magazine, bat has announced a new peri- 

 odical, lo be entitled "the Metropolitan." 



The Richmond Enquirer of the I6th inst. 

 says: — " We understand that the last letters 

 from Mr- Ran lolph, announce his intention of 

 leturning to St Petersburgh at Ihe end of A 

 rays ii? "beams oi'h'ght'wouid V' 1 or lhe beginning of May.'' 



