Vol. I.— No. 21. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



i<n 



request, and so much sought after at Con- 

 stantinople, that several Sultans have order- 

 ed roots to be brought them from all coun- 

 tries, in order that they might have every 

 possible variety of these flowers. To these 

 varieties they even gave Turkish names, 

 which had some relation to those of the first 

 offices in the Ottoman empire ; and they 

 commanded that a catalogue should be made 

 out in the Turkish language, of all the di- 

 fferent species. 



Under the Sultan Achmet HI. who was 

 passionately fond of this flower, all the no- 

 bility of his court applied themselves to the 

 cultivation of it, with the greatest care, and 

 to procure uncommon kinds, with the new- 

 est and most beautiful varieties. 



These nobles presented their tulips to the 

 Sultan, on a certain day of the year; and 

 this ceremony, which was extremely splen- 

 did and magnificent, was called viafit-lalesi, 

 that is to say, the festival of tulips. 



The Grand Vizier, Ibrahim Baschia, was 

 also remarkably fond of tulips. As he had 

 never seen any blue ones, he took it into his 

 head that he could, by the assistance of art, 

 procure flowers of that color. He therefore 

 consulted on this subject different Turkish 

 chemists, who all agreed, that to have blue 

 tulips, nothing more could be necessary, but 

 to put into the bulbs the flowers of the sy- 

 ringa sarulea. The experiment was tried, 

 but, as may well lie supposed, was not at- 

 tended with success. 



The Turkish nobility derived afterwards 

 another pleasure from these tulips. They 

 waited for the moment when they were in 

 full bloom in their gardens, and intermixed 

 them with small lighted lamps and cages, in 

 which they enclosed nightingales taught to 

 sing ; thus endeavoring to gratify both the 

 senses of seing and hearing. This festival 

 was called cieragan, that is to say, the illu- 

 mination. 



This reigning passion for tulips continued 

 in Turkey under the Sultan Mahmud, and 

 the Sultan Musiapha ; but after the death of 

 these emperors, it gradually decreased. The 

 Turks at present do not entertain an exclu- 

 sive passion for tulips, and they set almost 

 the same value on them as we do. — N. Y. 

 Com. Adv. 



Agricultural Education. — We have fre- 

 quently spoken in terms of approbation of 

 the Fellenburg system of Education, and 

 wished that our country might be so for- 

 tunate as to have it introduced here ; but 

 we had no expectation of our hopes being 

 so soon realized. It is with the most heart- 

 felt pleasure therefore, that we lay before 

 our readers the following proposals for 

 such a school. We have had a short per- 

 sonal acquaintance with Mr. Ismar, and 

 he has communicated to us his views in 

 detail ; we have besides made ourselves ac- 

 quainted with the system of education he 

 proposes to establish, as set forth in his 

 lectures published in the two last num- 

 bers of the Farmer, and the "outlines," 

 published in the present number ; from all 

 which we have derived impressions highly 

 favorable to Mr. Ismar and the school. 

 We believe such a school to be exactly the 

 thing wanted in this country, to lay the 

 foundation of a system of improved agri- 

 Culture. We believe further, that, if gen- 

 erally adopted, it would contribute more to 



the happiness of mankind, and especially 

 to the well being of the people of this 

 country, than any other system or combi- 

 nation of systems yet known. It is be- 

 sides a cheap school — little more than is 

 required in large towns for mere tuition. 

 We therefore recommend it to the se- 

 rious attention of readers of the Farmer. 

 As Mr. Ismar has made us the the reposi- 

 tory of the details of his views, we shall 

 take pleasure in communicating any infor- 

 mation we may possess to those who may 

 require it. 



Mr. Smith ; Bolton Farm,Jlprtl2b, 1831. 

 Dear Sir. — You will be informed by 

 Mr. Ismar's private letter of this date, what 

 are his views relative to the Union of Ag- 

 ricultural and Intellectual Education at 

 Bolton, and also of his intention to commu- 

 nicate for the Farmer, the results of his 

 observations, which I am sure you will 

 find interesting. You will now have the 

 goodness to insert in it the following. I 

 am, most respectfully, your ob't servant. 



ANTHONY MORRIS. 

 Association of the FeUenberg System of Edu 

 cation, under the superintendence of F. Ji Is- 

 mar, late of Hofwyl. with, the classical and 

 English institution of the Rev VVm. Chad 

 erton, on Bolton Farm, near Bristol, Bucks 

 county, Pennsyl tania. 



The object of this association is to es- 

 tablish a school in which classical lesrning 

 will be omitted, for boys between the ages 

 of ten and twenty years, to be instructed in 

 theoretical and practical agriculture, the 

 sciences connected with it, and the ma- 

 chine arts ; and also a school for the prep- 

 aration of teachers who may extend the 

 system throughout the country. This de- 

 partment, which is now open, is under the 

 exclusive superintendence of Mr. Ismar ; 

 and to adapt it to the agricultural and me- 

 chanical classes of society, the charge for 

 tuition, board, and washing, will be $100 

 per annum, payable half yearly in advance, 

 half in cash, and half in produce, at the 

 market price. F. A. ISMAR. 



SILK WORMS — CHLORIDE OF LIME. 



The season for raising silk worms having 

 arrived, it is suggested that persons engaged 

 in it provide themselves with the chloride of 

 lime as a preventive of disease among the 

 worms. The Editor of the American Far- 

 mer has no hesitation in saying, that, when 

 properly and timely applied, and attention 

 to cleanliness is observed, it affords perfect 

 security against the only disease to which 

 silk worms are extensively liable in this 

 country, to wit, the Tripes. From the time 

 he first made the discovery, two years ago, 

 he has never known an instance of its fail- 

 ure as a preventive, and he has known it to 

 arrest the disease after it had become epi- 

 demic, and when the destruction of the whole 

 establishment seemed inevitable. The dis 

 covery of such a remedy has been consider 

 ed an object of the highest importance in 

 the silk countries of Europe, and occupied 

 the a jxious attention of their scientific men 

 for ages;* and it has been reserved for A- 

 merica, in the very infancy of her silk cul- 

 ture, to make it. The chloride of lime is a 

 very cheap article,— a dollar's worth being 



sufficient for a pretty large establishment — 

 and it is easily applied. An ounce or two 

 of the powder may be put in a plate with a 

 little water, several ol which may be set a- 

 bout the room, and replenished every four or 

 five days ; or it may be put in a jug or dem- 

 ijohn, and a gallon of water added for every 

 pound, and a little of the solution sprinkled 

 over the floor two or three times a day, when- 

 ever there is any offensive smell in the room. 

 In hot weather, when it would be unsafe to 

 cool the room by sprinkling water on the 

 floor, (in consequence of the vapour evolved) 

 it will be of the greatest advantage to have 

 this solution of chloride of lime, as that may 

 be used not only with impunity but very 

 beneficially, both for cooling the room and 

 sweetening the air, as well as for the pre 

 vention of disease. The time "ill come 

 when chloride of lime will be considered an 

 essential material in every silk labratory. — 

 Am- Farmer. 



* This discovery was considered so important in 

 F ranee, that it was made the subject of ai. elabor- 

 ate paper read before a scientific society in Paris, 

 though its American origin was forgotten. 



Frost. — We had a very severe frost on 

 the nights of the 9th and 10th inst., which ii 

 is feared has destroyed much fruit and early 

 vegetables. In the editor's garden, the mel- 

 on and cucumber vines were partially inju- 

 red, notwithstanding they were in a very fa- 

 vorable situation, having the advantage of a 

 high hill on the north. The sweet potato 

 vines, in the same situation, were also inju- 

 red. The egg-plants and tomatoes, the for- 

 mer in an exposed situation, were untouch 

 ed. The nursery of young morns multicail- 

 lis received partial injury, by the destruction 

 of a few of their leaves, some of which were 

 five inches in diameter. The white Italian 

 mulberry escaped without any apparent hurt. 

 The peas, beans, corn, and other vegetables, 

 do not appear to have suffered. But the 

 most important fact established by the oc- 

 currence of this frost, is that of the hardi- 

 ness of the Aracacha. Seventy-five plants 

 of this vegetable were on the north side of a 

 board fence, with a full northern exposwre, 

 and have not suffered in the least by the 

 frost, while some cucumber vines near them 

 were cut off. We hear that in the country 

 extensive injury has been done to the fruit 

 and vegetables. — — — 



The Wheat Crop. — A gentleman in Jef- 

 ferson county, Va. in a leiter to the editor, 

 dated May 10, says, "The wheat is, I fear, 

 snft'ering excessively from the ravages of the 

 'Fly,' and the unpropitious season." — ib. 



^3" The Barometrical and Thermometriral observu 

 tions arc registered at 10 o'clock A.M. and P. M-, vhich 

 by a long series of experiments made for the purpose, 

 show that time to give a nearer mean average of the 

 relative htat of a day than any other time. 



