190 



THE GE\ESEE FAR31ER 



June 18, 183, 



son. The vegetables brought to the Lon- 

 don market, from the Neat's Houses and o- 

 ther adjoining gardens, where the important 

 .irticle of watering is much more attended I 

 to than in private country gardens, may be 

 adduced as affording proofs of the advan- 

 tage of the practice. 



Vegetables that are newly transplanted, 

 as they have their roots more or less dimin- 

 ished, or otherwise injured, often need wa- 

 tering, until they have taken new roots. — 

 But this should be done with caution. If a 

 dry season follow the transplanting, let them 

 be watered, if they appear to droop, only at 

 evenings and in cloudy weather, and with 

 water which has been exposed, one day at 

 least, to the shining of the sun ; not with 

 water directly from a well or cold spring, as 

 it will give a chill to the plants. Only a 

 small quantity should be applied at once ; 

 that it may have an effect similar to that of 

 a refreshing rain; for water applied, plenti- 

 fully or forcibly, or falling from a considera- 

 be height, is apt to wash away the finest of 

 the mould from the roots, or make little cav- 

 ities about them, which admit too much air. 



In a dry season, whole gardens sometimes 

 need watering; and in doing it the above 

 precautions should be regarded. It is of 

 great convenience to have a piece of stand- 

 ing water or a brook or rivulet near at hand 

 by which water may be furnished in suffi- 

 cient abundance without a great degree of 

 labor. 



Weeding. Sir John Sinclair observed 

 that " the importance of weeding is such, 

 both to the individual and the public, that it 

 ought to he enforced by law. At any rate 

 a regulation of police for fining those who 

 harbor weeds, the seeds of which may be 

 blown into their neighbor's ground can have 

 no injustice in principle. 



Hoeing. The ends to be answered by 

 hoeing are chiefly these : To destroy weeds, 

 which are always ready to spring up in eve- 

 ry soil, to exhaust the land, and starve the 

 plants. For this purpose when the weeds 

 have attained any size, deep hoeing becomes 

 necessary. To prevent the soil's becoming 

 too hard and close, so that the roots cannot 

 extend themselves freely in search of ve- 

 getable food, nor feed on the fixed air and 

 other fertilizing gases generated in loose and 

 rich soils. In this case deep hoeing is ne- ! 

 cessary. But hoeing should cease entirely ; 

 or be »ery shallow when the roots are so 

 much extended as to be injured by hoeing. 

 The deeper land is hoed, provided tlie roots 

 are not disturbed, and too much cut in pie- 

 ces, the greater advantage it will be to the 

 pi ints. The oftener land is hoed the more 

 moisture it retains, the more crops aie nour- 

 ished, and the better it withstands drought. 

 The earth about the stems of young plains 

 of corn, Sic. should be removed either with 

 a hoe or the fingers, and fresh soil substitu- 

 ted, but not accumulated about the stems, 

 lest the lower roots should be deprived of 

 the benefit of flic sun and air. 



The land is in a good degree prepared for 

 succeeding crops by hoeing ; and there is 

 great and obvious advantages in stirring the 

 ground while the dew is mi in the morning, or 

 Mtii a light rain. Where land is tol- 

 erably free from obstacles, the frequent use 

 of the horse plough to a considerable depth 

 renders the labor much less severe and ex- 

 pensive, and more advantageous to tin- crop, 

 than ti> depend on the hoc alone. The lirst 

 time the plough is used, tarn the farrow from I 



the rows. At the next plowing, and all af- 

 ter plow ings, the furrows are to be turned 

 towards the rows ; this prevents the plough 



j from injuring the roots. The depth should 

 be about the same as for any other plowing, 

 or the intention will be in some measure de- 

 feated. This may render it necessary some- 

 times to go twice in the same furrow. A 

 plow called a cultivator has been construc- 

 ted, with two mouldboards which turns the 

 mould both ways at once. 



The opinion entertained by some, that no 

 hoeing at all should be done in a dry time, is 

 irrational and ridiculous. They deprive 

 their land of the benefit of the dew, suffer it 

 to be overrun by weeds, and allow the 

 ground to be so hard that the rain when it 

 comes will not penetrate it.' There is no soil 

 perhaps except a thin sandy one that will 

 not be benefitted in hot dry weather by fre- 

 quent hoeing." 



Salad herbs may be grown at sea by sow- 

 ing the seeds on thick flannel well cleaned 

 and moistened. Put the flannel on a board 

 which can be hung up. Place on the flan- 

 nel on which the seeds are sown another 

 piece of flannel fastened to a thick board. — 

 Take off the upper board as soon as the 

 seeds have vegetated, say -4 hours. In six 

 or seven days, if good weather, the crop 

 will be two inches high. It is then fit for 

 use. Be careful to keep the flannel always 

 wet. 



Radishes. To have a constant success- 

 ion of radishes for the table the seeds should 

 be sowed once a fortnight from April to Au- 



jgust. As they are uncertain in their growth, 

 the best method is to put the seed between 



irows of other plants ; and they are so easi- 

 ly pulled that they nee^ not incommode the 

 plants among which they grow. 



Turnips. Sow strong bouse or wood 



'ashes over the ground about the time the 

 turnips are springing up. ibis will cause 

 the young plants to grow sooner out of the 

 way of insects, produce a large crop, and 

 make the turnips sweet and palatable. 



the zinc vessels is thought to be sweeter. 



We do not know on what principle to ac 

 count for this effect, except it may be that 

 of galvanic agency. The importance of 

 the improvement will at once be perceived 

 by every one. The pans aie very durable, 

 not likely to rust or exidize, and at a price 

 very little higher than those of tin. 



Pans and kettles of every description are 

 manufactured by the proprietors of the pat- 

 ent, Messrs. John Westfield &. Co. No. 163 

 Mott street, New York. We hope farmer- 

 will lose no time in furnishing themselves 

 with one or more pans to try the experi 

 inents. — X. Y. Far. 



IMPORTANT IMPROVEMENT IN THE PRO- 

 DUCTION OP CREAM. 



For about twelve months past Mr. Sam- 

 uel Davis of this city has been trying expe- 

 riments on the use of milk pans made of 

 zinc as a substitute for those of tin or other 

 materials. His experiments, last summer, 

 on Long Island and New Jersey, were high- 

 ly satisfactory. He and other gentlemen in- 

 terested, have repeated them this spring, 

 with results equally favorable. They have 

 ascertained that milk in zinc pans will keep 

 sweet four or live hours longer than in those 

 of other materials, and consequently afford 

 a longer time for the cream to rise. 



On Wednesday the CJth inst. we saw 3 

 tin and three zinc pans having in each nine 

 quarts of milk. The milk, which was just 

 from the cows, had been put in on the Mon- 

 day previous at three o'clock in the after- 

 noon. On Wednesday at nine in the mor- 

 ning, when we were present at the skim- 

 ming, the milk in the tin pans had become 

 mostly coagulated or loppard ; that in the 

 zinc pans but slightly sour. At two o'clock 

 this latter afforded a second skimming. The 

 result of the churning was, that the cream 

 from the zinc produced three lbs. Cue oz. 

 and that from the tin only two pounds five 

 and a half ounces. Care was taken to have 

 the experiments correct and fair. In addi- 

 tion to the extra quantity, the butter from I' 



From the American Farmpr. 



ORANGE FARM % 



The following letter from the proprietot 

 of the Orange Farm, will be read with in- 

 terest. The only remark we have to make 

 on laying it before our readers, is — •' go and 

 do likewise." 



May 4, 1331. 

 Mr. Smith. — Under an impression that 

 the agriculturists of our country, with a few 

 exceptions, did not employ capital enough 

 in their business, I about twelve years since, 

 determined to carry my ideas into effect up- 

 on my Orange Farm consisting of 400 acres. 

 After the desired fertility had been given 

 to the soil, 30 acres of it were converted in- 

 to a garden, and 370 acres into a dairy tun, 

 Of these 370 acres, about 70 are in 

 iand about 300 under cultivation. 



The cows are in number 100 — somelimi - 

 I more, aiid sometimes less. They are kept 

 in warm, but well ventilated stables through 

 out the winter, and part of the sprin 

 autumn. They are not exposed to cold 

 rains even in summer. They run during 

 i the summer on luxuriant pastures, each of 

 which afford a comfortable shade. So much 

 [ importance is attached to shade, that shed? 

 have been erected over the troughs when 

 they get their drink. As there is no running 

 ', water on the farm, we have to depend on 

 pumps. Audit may not be out of place 

 here to state, that two dogs, one at a time, 

 ! pump all the water, and cut all the com 

 stalks, straw and hay used for all the cows 

 I and other animals of this farm. These cm 

 articles, mixed with corn meal, bran, shorts, 

 and roots, are cooked by means of a very 

 simple steam apparatus, for their food du 

 ring the winter, with occasional variations. 

 The cows are at all times in the stabli - 

 clean, by being kept clear of their own dirt, 

 by means of a well constructed drain so fix 

 ed as to receive all their dung and urine. 



Of the sales of the products of this farm, 

 there has been for a series of years a pro- 

 gressive increase. The account of the sales 

 of last year, as rendered to me by my man- 

 ager on the 1st January last, you have be- 

 low ; and I am given to understand that it 

 will be more this year. In this statement 

 the proceeds of the garden of SO aero ar< 

 not included. 



As the expense of repairs, of buildings, 

 and of every other kind, are paid by my 

 manag-er, I have not allowed tin self to prj 

 into them very closely. I have contented 

 mysef with knowing, that he has to deliver 

 to me, and that he does deliver to me, w ith- 

 oul limitation every day. whatever quantity 

 my family may want of fresh butter, cream 

 and milk, and that he has to pay to me, am; 

 does pay to me, in cash every Saturday, r> 

 satisfactory net amount of rent. 



