Vol, 1.— No. 23. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



192 



SMUT IN WHEAT. 



To lhe Editor of ihe New Vork Firmer : 



Sir — In reply 10 your Correspondent, N. 

 W. T. of Newark, New-Jersey, in your last 

 month's Fanner, 1 beg leave to state a fe» 

 particulars on the subject of his inquiries, 

 relative to "i7te JVeavel and Smut in JVhtat." 

 Your correspondent states that " two per- 

 sons bought seed wheat of me, in which there 

 had been some smut. In the crnp of one, 

 there was a great deal of smut, that of the 

 other was free from it. Was this difference 

 owing to the soil ? An answer to these in- 

 quiries would be acceptable." 



To the latter inquiry, " was this difference 

 owing to the soil?" I beg leave to inform 

 him, and your readers, that I have never 

 known it the case in a single instance, and 

 from many years of practical experience, I 

 am enabled to assert that when seed wheat 

 is perfectly free from disease, and prepared 

 in a proper manner, previously to its being 

 sown or drilled ; that the soil, of whatever 

 nature, or however great the distance, wi 

 not produce smutty wheat. The following 

 narrative, may serve to illustrate the fact. 



A neighbor of mine, having purchased 

 some very excellent seed wheat, the same 

 was delivered in the farmer's bags of whom 

 he had bought the wheal, with a promise 

 that he, the purchaser, would return the bags 

 immediately after the grain was sown or de- 

 posited by the drill. My neighbor complied 

 with this request, and having drilled about 

 half the quantity, from those bags in which 

 be had received the wheat, he took opportu- 

 nity on the following day, which day had 

 been very wet and unfavorable tor drilling' 

 the remainder, to empty those hags, in order 

 that they might be returned, agreeably to 

 the proposed bargain. Thus, was this tx- 

 cellent clean, and till then, unadulterated 

 seed wheat, put into his (the purchar's) own 

 bags, which before had contained some very 



Choice of Agricultural Implements. 

 The variety and excellence of agricultural 

 implements is so great that the prudent far- 

 mer in regard to that, as well as in every o- 

 ther branch of his art, must study economy. 

 He should not incur an unnecessary expense 

 in buying them, nor in purchasing more than 

 are essentially requisite, and can be profita- 

 bly used. This maxim ought to more es- 

 pecially attended to by young improvers, 

 who are often tempted under the specious 

 idea of diminishing labor, and saving ex 

 pense, to buy a superfluous quantity of im 

 plements, which they afterwards find are of 

 little use. It is remarked by an intelligent 

 author on matters of husbandry, that a great 

 diversity of implements, causes disappoint- 

 ment, rather than latisfaction to the farmer. - 

 In purchasing implements the following 

 rules are to be observed: they should be sim- 

 ple in their construction, both that their uses 

 may be more easily understood, and that any 

 common workman may be able to repair 

 them, when they get out of order; the ma- 

 terials should be of a durable nature, that 

 the labor may be less liable to interruption 

 from their accidental failure ; their iorm 

 should be firm and compact, that they may 

 not be injured by jolts and shaking ; and 

 that they may be the more safely worked 

 by country laborers, who are but little ac- 

 customed to the use of delicate tools. In 

 larger machines, symmetry, and lightness of 

 shape, ought to be particularly attended to : 

 for a heavy carriage, like a great horse, is 

 worn out by its own weight, nearly as much 

 as by what he carries. The wood should be 

 cut up and placed in a position the best ca 

 culated to resist pressure; and mortices, so 

 likely to weaken the wood, should, as much 

 as possible, be avoided ; at the same time, 

 implements should be made as light as is 

 consistent with the strength that is necessa- 

 ry. Their price should be such, that farm- 



foul and diseased smutty wheat, as he.togeth- ers in moderate circumstances can afford to 



er with his farm servants acknowledged the 

 fact. On the third day the remainder of 

 the wheat was drilled on the same soil, and 

 in the same field, but not from the clean 

 bags of the seller of the seed wheat. 



Now sir, mark the result at harvest : The 

 clean seed wheat which had been emptied 

 into the farmer's own filthy smutty bags,pro- 

 duced about one twentieth part of smutty 

 ears ; whereas, from the former day's dril- 

 ling, not a single ear of smutty wheat could 

 be found ! 



Hence the infectious disease, not only in 

 the Animal, but, also in the Vegetable 

 world. 



Should you consider the foregoing, deser- 

 ving a corner in your interesting and truly 

 il publication, I maybe induced to con- 

 tinue my correspondence on the subject of 

 destroying the insect called the Weavel. 

 Yours, respectfully, 



An Old Farmer. 

 Stateof N. Y. May, 1831. 



buy them ; yet for the sake of a low price 

 the judicious farmer will not purchase arti- 

 cles, cither of a flimsy fabric, or a faulty 

 form ; and implements ought to be suited 

 to the nature of the country, whether hilly 

 or level, and more especially to the quality 

 of the soil ; for those which are calculated 

 for light land, will not answer equally well 

 in soils that are heavy and adhesive. — En. 

 of Agriculture. 



PENDULUM CHURNS. 



We should suppose one of the casii st 

 hand churns in use, is that operating by a 

 pendulum. A child of eight or ten years 

 old can sit down and move a double churn 

 without difficulty, during the time requisite 

 to produce butter. A patent has been re- 



MISCELLANIES 



Why Cream collects on the surface of 

 Milk. — When a vessel of milk is allowed 

 to remain a certain time at rest, it is obser- 

 ved that a sttatum of fluid will collect at! 

 the surface, differing in many qualities 

 from that upon which it rests. This is 

 called cream ; and the property by which 

 it ascends to the surface is its relative lev- 

 ity , it is composed of the lightest parti- 

 cles of the milk, which are in the first in- 

 stance mixed generally in the fluid ; but 

 which, when the liquid is allowed to rest, 

 gradually arise through it, and settle at the 

 surface. — Dr. Larduer's Cabinet Cyclo- 

 pce.da. — Hydrostatics and Pneumatic s. 



Missis. De Beaumont and De Jo~que- 

 ville, who were appointed by the King of the 

 French to visit this country with the view of 



of Sing-Sing. The Westchester Herald 

 mentions that after a most laborious and 

 careful inspection of the prison there, its 

 construction, its order, cleanliness, disci 

 pline, and regularity, together with a strict 

 investigation into all the minutx of its gov- 

 ernment and operation, they are highly 

 pleased with the institution, and do not hes 

 itate to pronounce it superior, in many of its 

 branches, to any which they have ever visit 

 ed in Europe. They are gentlemen of en- 

 gaging manners, of first rate talents and ac- 

 quirements, and have been repeatedly hon- 

 ored with distinguished offices by their couh 

 try.— N. Y. Gaz. 



RAIL ROAD TRAVELLING. 



During the month of May, twelve thous- 

 and four hundred and eighty-nine passage 

 tickets were paid for by persons who travel- 

 led on the Baltimoie and Ohio Rail Road, 

 between Baltimore and Ellicott's Mill — a- 

 bout 1400 of those passages were only halt 

 the distance — the average value of each 

 ticket was 31 i cents — the average number 

 400 per day. 



Locusts. — This destructive insect has 

 made its appearance in our neighbour- 

 hood ; and it is feared that its ravages will 

 prove greatly injurous to the farmers. — 

 The depredations at present, seem to be 

 confined to the orchards. — Lit: Reg. 



A gentleman residing in Whitemarsh 

 township, Montgomery county, says the 

 Germautown Telegraph, exhibited to us on 

 Saturday last, a stalk of rye, which grew on 

 his farm, that measured nine feet. This is 

 the longest which has come to our notice 

 this season. — Phil. Dai.Chron. 



An English Lawyer, Mr. Joseph 

 Parkes, has published at London, an edi- 

 tion of the New York statutes relating to 

 Real Estate and the Court of Chancers. 

 He says in his preface : " Fas et ab hostt 

 docer: is a maxim universally admitted ; 

 hut happily in a period of profound peace 

 the opportunity exists of gathering the 

 experience of friends. The United 

 States of North America are chiefly in- 

 debted to England for their colonization, 

 language, literature, arts and sciences,and 

 for the spirit of liberty which now con- 

 stitutes them a great and independent na- 

 tion. To profit by their experience is 

 incurring no debt, and the parent country 

 derives reflected honor from every ap- 

 proach they make towards good govern- 

 ment and national improvement." — Phil. 

 Dai. Chron. 



cently taken out by persons in this city, and 



iXtensive sales made. It is, if we are notllmaking themselves intimately acquainted 

 ;reatly mistaken, an old invention. — .V. F.|| with the Prison Discipline of this country, 

 Farmei 



'have been passing two weeks in the village pie 



NOVEL APPLICATION OP STEAM. 



Steam has lately been applied with 

 great success in some of the French 

 ports, in the destruction of vermin on 

 board of merchant vessels. After hav- 

 iii": carefully closed the hatches and every 

 aperture, the steam is suddenly introdu- 

 ced, and in twenty four hours, every liv- 

 ing thing which may have been brought 

 in with the c rgoes is destroyed. 



Leisure and solitude are the best effects 

 of riches, because mother of thought. Both 

 are avoided by most rich men, who seek 

 company and business, which are signs of 

 being weary of themselves. Sir W. Tern- 



