\ol 1— No. 25. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



197 



ations, sending off to the butchers such as 

 turn out indifferent milkers ; as some there 

 will be, in whom the faults of remote pa- 

 rentage will be found to linger. A herd thus 

 carefully purged, and finally, after a few 

 years, exhibiting a uniform character, fo> 

 milk in the young, as they come in, will 

 prove a lasting and sure source of increasing 

 profit to the skilful, intelligent breeder, and 

 an immense gain to the country 



The writer would ask, suppose a young 

 farmer, at the present moment is about to 

 stock a milk- farm and is willing to pay the 

 lull value of good cows — good, we mean as 

 breeders — where shall he go for them, in 

 New-England ? Where shall he be sure to 

 find an established milk breed that will not 

 disappoint him ? He will find improved 

 breeds enough — but who will venture to in- 

 sure him that the improvement will not be 

 found to consist as often in adaptation to the 

 shambles as to the dairy ? 



The idea suggested, whether well or ill 

 founded, let others judge, is that we have 

 not yet a pure milk-stock, that is, a stock 

 descended for many generations from none 

 but fine milkers. Some may think that the 

 art of breeding cannot be carried so far as 

 to secure a uniformity of excellence in this 

 particular quality in the progeny. The an- 

 swer can only be that they have attained to 

 that degree of perfection in England — that 

 for half a century thorough breeders, have 

 been successful in this particular as in oth- 

 ers. It is gratifying to be able to state any 

 one thing on this most important subject, en- 

 titled to rank as an axiom and of a truly sci- 

 entific character. 



We say that thorough breeders have been 

 entirely successful in England. Not that 

 the farmers, generally in England have 

 reached that degree of excellence. This 

 would be far from the truth. All that is true 

 even there, is the invaluable fact that par- 

 ticular families of milch cows are there 

 known to transmit their peculiarity, as great 

 milkers, with uniform certainty, to their 

 progeny. This fact is as valuable, for our 

 instruction and example, as if the same 

 thing were true of all the milch cows in Eng- 

 fand. On the other hand, let the following 

 statement have it due weight, going to show, 

 as it does, that it is of some consequence for 

 breeding from what family an animal de- 

 liv'es its descent. "Mr. Woodward of Bir- 

 lingham, Worcestershire, England purchas- 

 ed twelve deep milking Yorkshire cows with- 

 out pretensions to breed, or disposition to fat- 

 ten — with these cows he used a high-bred 

 Hereford Bull — and in the progeny lost the 

 disposition to milk whiah the mothers had ; 

 acquiring that of laying on fat, which was 

 the distinguishing merit of the family to 

 which the bull belonged."* 



Here is a striking case, where high blood 

 enabled one of the parents to propagate his 

 own peculiar excellence, and to prevent the 

 transmission of the peculiar excellence, of 

 the mothers — viz. their tendency to be great 

 milkers; because this quality was accident- 

 al in them and not derived from a select an- 

 cestry, and therefore not firmly established 

 ; n the constitution. 



Fomtho New-En»laml Farmer. 



FARMER'S WORK FOR JUNE. 



Among the multiplicity of your avocations 

 ■at this busy season of the year yon will not 

 forget the subject of summer made manure. 



"Priie Essay of the Rev. Hemy Berry. 



Manure is the spirit of agriculture, the es- 

 sence of all good farming, and no good op- 

 portunity to increase its quantity and im- 

 prove its quality should be suffered to pass 

 without improvement. Cattle, or at least 

 cows which give milk, should be yarded in a 

 small space. Their manure, once or twice 

 a week, at least, should either be ploughed 

 in or mixed with soil for compost — placed 

 under cover — shovelled into heaps and cov- 

 ered with earth, oi in some way secured a- 

 gainst being wasted away by the elements. 

 \ large quantity of manure may be manufac- 

 tured by swine, provided you furnish them 

 with raw materials, such as weeds, brakes, 



cayed leaves from forests, &c.; or you may 

 manaue this department of rural economy 

 as follows, viz. 



Let your hogs be inclosed in an open pen, 

 near to, or in one part of your barn-yard ; — 

 throw into this the scrapings of your barns, 

 together with every vegetable substance that 

 will putrefy and rot through the summer; — 

 plough up and cart in occasionally, such 

 earth as can be collected from your ditches, 

 or old sward balks; your hogs will root and 

 mix them together, and this with a little at- 

 tention, you may obtain 20 or 30 loads of 

 the best manure, or much more if your hogs 

 are numerous and receive your attention. — 

 You will find an advantege, both in the 

 growth of your hogs, and in the quantity of 

 manure, if you sow half an acre, or an acre 

 of clover on a rich soil near the barnyard, 

 and begin to cut early for feed for your hogs 

 it will be found both cheap and profitable. 

 According to the best practical calculations, 

 it will give a profit of #30 per acre, when 

 cut green and fed in the barn yard, either by 

 horses, cows, cattle, or hogs, besides the 

 profits upon the manure. If you are in earn- 

 est about your farm, you may carry this 

 mode of making manure to any extent, by 

 mowing and carting in your stout stubble ; 

 collecting and carting in your coarsest hay, 

 pumpkin and potatoe vines, corn bottoms, 

 husks, k.c. The same materials will yield 

 yon a stronger and richer manure from your 

 hog pens, than from the stercorary, (as prac- 

 ticed in England,) and without the expense 

 of shifting or changing it by hand, as in the 

 stercorary practice. Your hogs will do bet- 

 ter than in a close pen, and the same land, 

 in clover, will yield them more and better 

 feed, than in pasture ; and the manure thus 

 obtained from the clover-field, will give you 

 a handsome profit. A little experience will 

 soon lead every farmer to make the most 

 advantage in this way, which may be ren- 

 dered very extensive. 



From the American Farmer. 



Pennsylvania Horticultural Exhibition. 

 This splendid exhibition took place in 

 Philadelphia on Wednesday and Thursday 

 1st and 2nd of June, at the masonic hall in 

 Chesnut street, and was one of the most rich 

 and beautiful collections of rare plants and 

 and flowers ever seen in the United States. 

 For five or six weeks previous there had 

 been no rain in the vicinity, and in other 

 respects the weather had been most unfavor- 

 able for the growth of vegetables, it having 

 been very dry and occasionally cold till with- 

 in the last week, when it became excessively 

 hot, the thermometer ranging in the after- 

 noon of the last day of the exhibition at 

 98£° in the shade. Under these circum- 

 stances, it will surprise no one to be inform- 

 ed that the display of culinary vegetables 



was very limited. Yet there were a few ex- 

 cellent things, such as cauliflower thirty in- 

 ches in circumference, fine strawberries, 

 globe artichokes, cherries, seakale, rheQ- 

 barb, cabbages, cucumbers of full size and 

 fine, beets, onions, turnips, a very large head 

 of Malta lettuce, gooseberries, and potatoes. 

 There was also a bunch of rye not yet in 

 flower, eight feet in height. Another thin" 

 operated unfavorably on the exhibition of 

 vegetables. There appears to be little dis- 

 position on the part of vegetable gardeners 

 : to exhibit their producers was easily discov- 

 ered from the small number and quality of 

 contributions of that class, compared with 

 the supplies in the common market. This 

 is an evil which will be gradually overcome 

 (or the beneficial effects of such exhibitions 

 on the interests of gardeners as well as the 

 citizens at large will soon be made apparent 

 to the most incredulous. 



The display of exotic and indigenous or- 

 namental plants and flowers was rich and 

 splendid. Besides the more common trees, 

 such as orange, lemon, lime, oleander, and 

 pomegranate, of which there were numerous 

 vatieties and splendid specimens, there were 

 hundreds of the more rare.curiousand beau- 

 tiful. If we name but few it is because of 

 the impossibility of taking note in detail of 

 such an immense collection, and therefore 

 memoranda of the most prominent objects 

 only were taken; but if we were to give the 

 names of even these, we fear the catalogue 

 would tire many of our readers, and we 

 shal only select the following;— Eryabotrya 

 Japonica, Aucuba Japonica, Andromeda 

 corlacea, Acacia floribunda, Daily Rose, 

 Dodoncc viscosa, Datura arborea, Daphne! 

 Eucalyptus Salisafolia, Magnolia fuscata, 

 Eugenia myrtifolia, Olea Europea (the ol- 

 jivetree,) Olea buxifolia, Ficus Elastica, 

 :(guin elastic tree,) several from 8 to 15 feet 

 [high, Meloleuca diosmifolia, Cactus octan- 

 gularis, (about 10 feet high, four stems 5 to 

 1 8 inches diameter, a most magnificent 

 plant,). Laurus camphora (camphor tree) 

 Petargonum trista, Rhododendron ponticum, 

 Tistacia terebinthus, Mangofera indica 

 : (mango tree,) Cupressus australis, Caffca a- 

 |rabica (coft'ee tree, several 5 to 8 feet high, 

 and full of berries,) Hibbertia volubillis, Ar- 

 butus uneda, (strawberry tree,) Magnolia 

 grandiflora, Ilex variegata, (several beauti- 

 ful specimens,) Metrosideros saligna, Caro 

 lina princeps, (cream nut tree) Maranta Ze- 

 brina, (a beautiful parlor plant.) Pitcairnia, 

 numerous Cactus, sent home by Mr. Poin- 

 sett from Mexico and unnamed, Cactus 

 Spiciosus, Calathea Zibiina, Zamia horri- 

 da. Cactus melocactus, (numerous and curi^ 

 ous) Cycus revoluta, (Sago Palm, several, 

 and probably the largest in this country,) 

 Phormium tenax, (New Zealand flax) Cres- 

 sula tuberculosa, Sarracenia purpurea, Po- 

 thos lanceolata, Cactus philanthoides, Bro- 

 melia ananas, (Pine Apple plant) Laurus 

 Persea (alligator pear,) Euphorbia quadran- 

 gularis, Clematis florida, Azalia coccinea, 

 petesporum undulata, Saccharum oificina- 

 rum (sugar cane,) Yucca aloifolia, Garde- 

 nia florida (Cape Jasmine,) Green tea plant, 

 Droccena ierrea, (dragon tree) Eugenia 

 Jambosa, (rose apple) Yucca gloriosa, Fu- 

 shia coccinea, geranium grandiflora (8 feet 

 high and spreading several feet in width,) 

 Agapanthus umbellatus, Melastoma trinex- 

 va, (curious) Kennidia bimaculata, Aster 

 moschatus, Piper nigrum (Black pepper 

 |tree( Aster argophyllus, Taxtts Sinensis^- 



